PMID- 33993093
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210622
LR  - 20210622
IS  - 1090-2414 (Electronic)
IS  - 0147-6513 (Linking)
VI  - 219
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - The state of persistent organic pollutants in South African estuaries: A review 
      of environmental exposure and sources.
PG  - 112316
LID - S0147-6513(21)00427-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112316 [doi]
AB  - The long-term health of many South African estuaries is impacted by pollutants 
      entering these systems through industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage 
      outfalls, contaminated storm water drainage, flows from informal settlements, and 
      plastic materials in marine debris. Uncontrolled inputs combined with poor 
      environmental management often result in elevated levels of persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) in affected estuaries. Data on POPs research from 1960 to 2020 
      were analysed in terms of their sources, environmental investigations, and health 
      implications. The outcome showed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and per- and 
      poly-fluoroalkyl sulphonates (PFASs) to exceed the US EPA health advisory levels 
      for drinking water. Concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water 
      were below the WHO limits, while those in fish tissues from most estuaries were 
      found to be below the US FDA limits. Although environmental compartments in some 
      estuaries (e.g. Rooiels and uMngeni estuaries) seem to be less contaminated 
      relative to other marine systems around the world, many others were polluted and 
      critically modified (e.g. Durban Bay, Swartkops, Sundays, and Buffalo systems). 
      Due to inconsistent monitoring methods coupled with limited data availability, 
      temporal trends were unclear. Of the 290 estuaries in South Africa, 65 were 
      prioritised and recommended for POPs evaluation based on their pollution sources, 
      and a monitoring strategy was defined in terms of sampling. Government policies 
      to curb marine pollution need to be enforced to prevent chronic contamination 
      that leads to water quality deterioration and loss of ecosystem services.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Olisah, Chijioke
AU  - Olisah C
AD  - Department of Botany and the Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson 
      Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; DSI/NRF Research Chair in 
      Shallow Water Ecosystem, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South 
      Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, 
      South Africa. Electronic address: olisah.chijioke@gmail.com.
FAU - Adams, Janine B
AU  - Adams JB
AD  - Department of Botany and the Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson 
      Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; DSI/NRF Research Chair in 
      Shallow Water Ecosystem, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South 
      Africa.
FAU - Rubidge, Gletwyn
AU  - Rubidge G
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South 
      Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210513
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
JT  - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
JID - 7805381
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Environmental Exposure/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Estuaries
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - *Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - South Africa
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Environmental management
OT  - Estuarine systems
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)
OT  - Polybrominated diphenyls (PBDEs)
OT  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
OT  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)
EDAT- 2021/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/23 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/16 20:53
PHST- 2020/06/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/16 20:53 [entrez]
AID - S0147-6513(21)00427-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112316 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Aug;219:112316. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112316. 
      Epub 2021 May 13.