PMID- 33995394
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211018
LR  - 20211018
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Dendritic Cells Are the Intriguing Players in the Puzzle of Idiopathic Pulmonary 
      Fibrosis Pathogenesis.
PG  - 664109
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664109 [doi]
LID - 664109
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most devastating progressive 
      interstitial lung disease that remains refractory to treatment. Pathogenesis of 
      IPF relies on the aberrant cross-talk between injured alveolar cells and 
      myofibroblasts, which ultimately leads to an aberrant fibrous reaction. The 
      contribution of the immune system to IPF remains not fully explored. Recent 
      evidence suggests that both innate and adaptive immune responses may participate 
      in the fibrotic process. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional 
      antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Also, they 
      exert a crucial role in the immune surveillance of the lung, where they are 
      strategically placed in the airway epithelium and interstitium. Immature DCs 
      accumulate in the IPF lung close to areas of epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis. 
      Conversely, mature DCs are concentrated in well-organized lymphoid follicles 
      along with T and B cells and bronchoalveolar lavage of IPF patients. We have 
      recently shown that all sub-types of peripheral blood DCs (including conventional 
      and plasmacytoid DCs) are severely depleted in therapy naive IPF patients. Also, 
      the low frequency of conventional CD1c(+) DCs is predictive of a worse prognosis. 
      The purpose of this mini-review is to focus on the main evidence on DC 
      involvement in IPF pathogenesis. Unanswered questions and opportunities for 
      future research ranging from a better understanding of their contribution to 
      diagnosis and prognosis to personalized DC-based therapies will be explored.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Bocchino, Zanotta, Capitelli and Galati.
FAU - Bocchino, Marialuisa
AU  - Bocchino M
AD  - Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 
      Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
FAU - Zanotta, Serena
AU  - Zanotta S
AD  - Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology 
      and Developmental Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. 
      Pascale, Naples, Italy.
FAU - Capitelli, Ludovica
AU  - Capitelli L
AD  - Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 
      Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
FAU - Galati, Domenico
AU  - Galati D
AD  - Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology 
      and Developmental Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. 
      Pascale, Naples, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210430
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Cell Differentiation/immunology
MH  - Cell Plasticity/immunology
MH  - Cellular Microenvironment/immunology
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*metabolism
MH  - *Disease Susceptibility/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/*etiology/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Immunity
MH  - Neoplasms/complications/etiology/metabolism/pathology
PMC - PMC8121252
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cancer
OT  - dendritic cells
OT  - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
OT  - immunity
OT  - immunotherapy
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/05/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/05/17 06:04
PHST- 2021/02/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/17 06:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664109 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 30;12:664109. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664109. eCollection 
      2021.