PMID- 34000539
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210614
LR  - 20210614
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 787
DP  - 2021 Sep 15
TI  - Strengthened attachment of anammox bacteria on iron-based modified carrier and 
      its effects on anammox performance in integrated floating-film activated sludge 
      (IFFAS) process.
PG  - 147679
LID - S0048-9697(21)02750-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147679 [doi]
AB  - Moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) or integrated floating-film activated sludge 
      (IFFAS) process has been proved to be one of the ideal candidates for anammox 
      application. However, the slow development of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) biofilm 
      and unstable bioactivity always limit their wide application. This study 
      developed a type of novel zero-valent iron (ZVI)-based modified carrier for 
      strengthening AnAOB attachment and enhancing anammox performance. Surface 
      properties analysis indicated the iron-based modified carrier revealed 
      electropositive, less hydrophobic, and higher surface free energy compared with 
      conventional high density polyethylene (HDPE) carrier. These surface parameters 
      were positively correlated with total biomass attachment, anammox biofilm 
      development, EPS secretion and heme-c production. IFFAS process filled with 
      iron-based modified carriers could keep relatively stable and high anammox 
      activity at different influent TN loadings (varied from 0.6 to 1.4 kg/(m(3)∙d)) 
      and showed potential to keep and recover AnAOB bioactivity after 
      six-months-freeze. Microbial analysis confirmed that anammox genus, Candidatus 
      Kuenenia, had a significant niche preference on iron-based modified carrier than 
      conventional HDPE carrier. As a result, the population of Candidatus Kuenenia in 
      IFFAS process filled with modified carriers that contained 2 wt% or 3 wt% ZVI was 
      1.34 x 10(6)-1.55 x 10(6) copies/ mg DNA, increased by 20.7-39.6% comparing with 
      that in the control reactor (1.11 x 10(6) copies/ mg DNA). This study 
      demonstrated AnAOB could be enriched and maintained in situ with high abundance 
      and bioactivity on the iron-based modified carriers, which would be significant 
      for anammox process wide application in full-scale.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liu, Tao
AU  - Liu T
AD  - Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of 
      Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of 
      Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: taoliu@dlut.edu.cn.
FAU - Tian, Ruiqi
AU  - Tian R
AD  - Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of 
      Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of 
      Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
FAU - Li, Qian
AU  - Li Q
AD  - Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of 
      Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of 
      Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
FAU - Wu, Nan
AU  - Wu N
AD  - Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of 
      Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of 
      Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
FAU - Quan, Xie
AU  - Quan X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of 
      Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of 
      Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210511
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
RN  - N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Ammonium Compounds
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacteria
MH  - Biofilms
MH  - Bioreactors
MH  - Iron
MH  - Nitrogen
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - *Sewage
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anammox
OT  - Integrated floating-film activated sludge (IFFAS)
OT  - Modified carrier
OT  - Surface energy
OT  - Zero-valent iron (ZVI)
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/05/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/16 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/17 20:24
PHST- 2021/03/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/17 20:24 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(21)02750-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147679 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2021 Sep 15;787:147679. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147679. 
      Epub 2021 May 11.