PMID- 34010297
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211007
LR  - 20211007
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021
TI  - Vitreous expression of cytokines and growth factors in patients with diabetic 
      retinopathy-An investigation of their expression based on clinical diabetic 
      retinopathy grade.
PG  - e0248439
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0248439 [doi]
LID - e0248439
AB  - Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an inflammatory condition that affects the posterior 
      of the eye; yet, there are limited published data on techniques measuring the 
      expression of growth and inflammatory factors (GIF) from the posterior segment. 
      The purpose of the current study was two-fold: to sample the vitreous fluid from 
      the eyes of patients with DR and assess the expression of GIF. As DR is an 
      inflammatory disease, the second objective of this study was to determine the 
      relationship between the status of DR and the expression of vitreous GIF. This 
      non-randomized clinical trial was approved by BfARM for the analysis and 
      evaluation of 12 eyes from patients with diabetic macular edema. Vitreous 
      sampling was performed before treatment with fluocinolone acetonide and the 
      extracted vitreous material was examined for the determination of GIF including 
      interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), interferon gamma-inducible protein (IP-10), 
      monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), placental growth factor (PIGF), 
      pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth 
      factor) and intercellular adhesion molecule (CD54). These were linearly compared 
      with the grade of inflammation in the vitreous assessed via DR score and ART. 
      Additionally, all eyes were grouped based on their diabetic retinopathy status. 
      All cytokine levels, except MCP-1 and PEDF, were numerically higher in DME 
      patients with proliferative DR than those with non-proliferative DR. DR grade was 
      found to linearly correlate with the expression of CD54 (p = 0.02, rho = 0.64), 
      IL-8 (p = 0.03, rho = 0.64) and PIGF (p = 0.007, rho = 0.76). A correlation was 
      found between ART and CD54 (p = 0.02, rho = 0.66) and also between ART and IL-8 
      (p = 0.04, rho = 0.60). A trend was found between ART and PIGF (p = 0.08, rho 
      0.52). For IL-6, there appeared to be a trend with DR grade (p = 0.14, rho = 
      0.45) and ART (p = 0.09, rho = 0.51). Proliferative DR was shown to be associated 
      with a significant higher expression of CD54, IL-8 and PIGF, thus suggesting that 
      they are potentially important in defining and monitoring the effectiveness of a 
      patients' therapy. Vitreous probes may be helpful in deciding which therapy to 
      administer (i.e. anti-VEGF or corticosteroid or both) based on the expression of 
      GIF. Registry EudraCT number: 2016-004488-38; DRKS-ID: DRKS00014915.
FAU - Deuchler, Svenja
AU  - Deuchler S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2758-4910
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Schubert, Ralf
AU  - Schubert R
AD  - Pneumological-immunological Laboratory, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am 
      Main, Germany.
FAU - Singh, Pankaj
AU  - Singh P
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Chedid, Adonis
AU  - Chedid A
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Brui, Natallia
AU  - Brui N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Kenikstul, Ninel
AU  - Kenikstul N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Kohnen, Thomas
AU  - Kohnen T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6933-9585
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Ackermann, Hanns
AU  - Ackermann H
AD  - Institute of Biostatistics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
FAU - Koch, Frank
AU  - Koch F
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210519
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Cytokines/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Vitreous Body/*metabolism/pathology
PMC - PMC8133486
COIS- Frank Koch and Pankaj Singh are working as consultants for Alimera. This does not 
      alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All other 
      authors have no financial interests to declare.
EDAT- 2021/05/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/08 06:00
PMCR- 2021/05/19
CRDT- 2021/05/19 17:35
PHST- 2020/10/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/19 17:35 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-20-30919 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0248439 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 May 19;16(5):e0248439. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248439. 
      eCollection 2021.