PMID- 34014086
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210701
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 55
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Jun 1
TI  - Systematic Evaluation of the In-Sample Stability of Selected Pharmaceuticals, 
      Illicit Drugs, and Their Metabolites in Wastewater.
PG  - 7418-7429
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.1c00396 [doi]
AB  - The in-sample stability of selected pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and their 
      metabolites in wastewater was assessed under six different conditions-untreated, 
      addition of hydrochloric acid or sodium metabisulfite solution, combined with or 
      without sterile filtration, and at four representative temperatures, at 35  degrees C for 
      up to 28 days, 22  degrees C for 56 days, and 4  degrees C and -20  degrees C for 196 days, or 
      freeze/thaw cycles for 24 weeks. Paracetamol, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, and 
      cocaine were poorly stable in untreated wastewater-e.g., with 50% transformation 
      within 1.2-8.1 days at 22  degrees C, and acidification reduced their in-sample 
      transformations. Acesulfame, carbamazepine, cotinine, methamphetamine, 
      3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine, norfentanyl, 
      3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), and norbuprenorphine were highly or 
      moderately stable over the observed period, even in untreated wastewater. Fitting 
      of pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Arrhenius equation was used to develop a 
      multistage transformation estimation model combined with an interactive tool to 
      evaluate possible transformation scenarios of selected biomarkers for the 
      processes from sampling to preanalysis. However, as the wastewater composition 
      can vary between sites and over time, the variability of in-sample stability 
      requires further exploration.
FAU - Lin, Xialu
AU  - Lin X
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and 
      Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an 
      Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
FAU - Choi, Phil M
AU  - Choi PM
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Thompson, Jack
AU  - Thompson J
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Reeks, Timothy
AU  - Reeks T
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Verhagen, Rory
AU  - Verhagen R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3961-0108
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Tscharke, Benjamin J
AU  - Tscharke BJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3292-3534
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - O'Malley, Elissa
AU  - O'Malley E
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Shimko, Katja M
AU  - Shimko KM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5644-117X
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Guo, Xiong
AU  - Guo X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and 
      Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an 
      Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
FAU - Thomas, Kevin V
AU  - Thomas KV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2155-100X
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - O'Brien, Jake W
AU  - O'Brien JW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9336-9656
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210520
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cocaine/analysis
MH  - *Illicit Drugs
MH  - *Methamphetamine
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection
MH  - Wastewater/analysis
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - illicit drugs
OT  - in-sample stability
OT  - pharmaceuticals
OT  - transformation model
OT  - wastewater
EDAT- 2021/05/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/02 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/20 12:15
PHST- 2021/05/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/20 12:15 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.1c00396 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jun 1;55(11):7418-7429. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00396. 
      Epub 2021 May 20.