PMID- 34051046 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220228 LR - 20221207 IS - 1753-0407 (Electronic) IS - 1753-0407 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Nov TI - Urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio: A useful biomarker of insulin resistance and refined classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PG - 893-904 LID - 10.1111/1753-0407.13203 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) is low in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but it has not been well characterized in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to measure the UCPCRs in patients with T2DM and explore the relationships among UCPCR, insulin resistance (IR), and chronic vascular complications of diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed of 1299 Chinese hospitalized patients with T2DM. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships between the chronic vascular complications of diabetes and UCPCR. K-means analysis was used to allocate participants to subgroups with five to six variables (age at diagnosis, body mass index [BMI], glycosylated hemoglobin, homoeostasis model assessment 2-estimated beta-cell function (HOMA2-B), and HOMA2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), with or without UCPCR). RESULTS: UCPCR positively correlated with HOMA2-IR (r = 0.448, P < .001). After adjustment for sex, age, duration of diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors, UCPCR was positively associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.198, 95% CI 1.019-1.408, P = .029) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR = 1.312, 95% CI 1.079-1.594, P = .006). When UCPCR was added, cluster analysis using the six variables identified five subgroups of T2DM, characterized by differing age at diagnosis, BMI, beta-cell function, IR, and prevalence of vascular complications. CONCLUSIONS: UCPCR is positively associated with IR, DKD, and CHD and represents a promising biomarker that could refine the classification of T2DM. CI - (c) 2021 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. FAU - Wang, Yanai AU - Wang Y AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Zou, Xiantong AU - Zou X AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Cai, Xiaoling AU - Cai X AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Liu, Wei AU - Liu W AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Chen, Ling AU - Chen L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9639-2691 AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Rui AU - Zhang R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6005-8245 AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhou, Lingli AU - Zhou L AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Gong, Siqian AU - Gong S AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Gao, Ying AU - Gao Y AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Li, Simin AU - Li S AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Luo, Yingying AU - Luo Y AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Han, Xueyao AU - Han X AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. FAU - Ji, Linong AU - Ji L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3262-2168 AD - Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China. LA - eng GR - 2016YFC1304901/National Key Research and Development Program/ GR - Z141100007414002/The Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology funds/ GR - D131100005313008/The Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology funds/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210616 PL - Australia TA - J Diabetes JT - Journal of diabetes JID - 101504326 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (C-Peptide) RN - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A) RN - 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human) RN - AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine) SB - IM MH - Biomarkers/*urine MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - C-Peptide/*urine MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/*pathology/urine MH - Creatinine/*urine MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*classification/complications MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Glucose Intolerance/etiology/*pathology/urine MH - Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis MH - Humans MH - *Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prognosis OTO - NOTNLM OT - 2型糖尿病 OT - insulin resistance OT - k-means analysis OT - k-means聚类算法 OT - type 2 diabetes OT - urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio OT - vascular complications OT - 尿C肽/肌酐比值 OT - 糖尿病血管并发症 OT - 胰岛素抵抗 EDAT- 2021/05/30 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/01 06:00 CRDT- 2021/05/29 12:21 PHST- 2021/05/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/12/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/05/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/05/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/29 12:21 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/1753-0407.13203 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Diabetes. 2021 Nov;13(11):893-904. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13203. Epub 2021 Jun 16.