PMID- 34052916
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210915
LR  - 20220531
IS  - 1436-6215 (Electronic)
IS  - 1436-6207 (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Sodium status is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review 
      and meta-analysis of observational studies.
PG  - 3543-3565
LID - 10.1007/s00394-021-02595-z [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The relationship between sodium intake and the risk of developing type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inconsistent. We, therefore, aimed to summarize the 
      current evidence by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of 
      observational studies. METHODS: We retrieved studies which compared any marker of 
      sodium status between individuals with T2DM and those without diabetes published 
      in any language by searching online databases from inception up to June 2019. 
      Summary effects were derived using random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 44 
      studies with 503,830 participants from 25 countries were included in this study. 
      Sodium status was significantly different between individuals with and without 
      T2DM (Hedges' g = 0.21; 95% CI 0.02, 0.40; P = 0.029). Individuals with T2DM had 
      higher sodium intake compared to non-diabetic controls (WMD = 621.79 mg/day; 95% 
      CI 321.53, 922.06; P < 0.001) and 24-h urinary excretion was associated with 
      likelihood of developing T2DM (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15, 1.41; P < 0.001). 
      Furthermore, salivary, hair, and platelet sodium were higher in patients with 
      T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the current 
      meta-analysis suggest that sodium levels are higher in patients with T2DM 
      compared to non-diabetic controls; however, given that these studies are 
      observational, it is not possible to infer causality.
CI  - (c) 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Kolahdouz-Mohammadi, Roya
AU  - Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R
AD  - Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical 
      Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Soltani, Sepideh
AU  - Soltani S
AD  - Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical 
      Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
FAU - Clayton, Zachary Stephen
AU  - Clayton ZS
AD  - Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 
      CO, USA.
FAU - Salehi-Abargouei, Amin
AU  - Salehi-Abargouei A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7580-6717
AD  - Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of 
      Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 
      abargouei@ssu.ac.ir.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20210530
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Nutr
JT  - European journal of nutrition
JID - 100888704
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Observational Studies as Topic
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Sodium
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Meta-analysis
OT  - Observational studies
OT  - Sodium
OT  - Systematic review
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2021/05/31 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/16 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/30 21:08
PHST- 2020/10/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/30 21:08 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00394-021-02595-z [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00394-021-02595-z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Nutr. 2021 Oct;60(7):3543-3565. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02595-z. Epub 2021 
      May 30.