PMID- 34058528 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210712 LR - 20210712 IS - 1873-376X (Electronic) IS - 1570-0232 (Linking) VI - 1176 DP - 2021 Jun 30 TI - Effects of Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule on the gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats: Metabolism and modulation. PG - 122771 LID - S1570-0232(21)00252-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122771 [doi] AB - Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB) has been proven to prevent and treat osteoporosis. However, as a long-term oral formula, XLGB's effects on the metabolic capacity, structure and function of gut microbiota have yet to be elucidated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Our objectives were to evaluate the capacity of gut microbiota for metabolizing XLGB ingredients and to assess the effect of this prescription on gut microbiota. Herein, an integrated analysis that combined ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQD-MS) was conducted to determine the metabolic capacity of gut microbiota. The effects of XLGB on gut microbiota were explored by metagenomic sequencing in OVX rats. Fecal samples from each group were collected after intragastric administration for three months. In total, 64 biotransformation products were fully characterized with rat gut microbiota from the OVX group and the XLGB group. The deglycosylation reaction was the main biotransformation pathway in core structures in the group that was incubated with XLGB. Compared with the OVX group, different biotransformation products and pathways of the XLGB group after incubation for 2 h and 8 h were described. After three months of feeding with XLGB, the domesticated gut microbiota was conducive to the production of active absorbed components via deglycosylation, such as icaritin, psoralen and isopsoralen. Comparisons of the gut microbiota of the OVX and XLGB groups showed differences in the relative abundances of the two dominant bacterial divisions, namely, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The proportion of Firmicutes was significantly lower and that of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher in the XLGB group. This result demonstrated that XLGB could provide a basis for the treatment of osteoporosis by regulating lipid and bile acid metabolism. In addition, the increase in Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella could be an important factor that led to easier production of active absorbed aglycones in the XLGB group. Our observation provided further evidence of the importance of gut microbiota in the metabolism and potential activity of XLGB. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Tang, Xi-Yang AU - Tang XY AD - College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. FAU - Gao, Meng-Xue AU - Gao MX AD - College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. FAU - Xiao, Hui-Hui AU - Xiao HH AD - State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China. FAU - Dai, Zi-Qin AU - Dai ZQ AD - College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. FAU - Yao, Zhi-Hong AU - Yao ZH AD - College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. FAU - Dai, Yi AU - Dai Y AD - College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. Electronic address: daiyi1004@163.com. FAU - Yao, Xin-Sheng AU - Yao XS AD - College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. Electronic address: tyaoxs@jnu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210518 PL - Netherlands TA - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci JT - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences JID - 101139554 RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology MH - Female MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects MH - *Ovariectomy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry OTO - NOTNLM OT - Gut microbiota OT - Metagenomic sequencing OT - Ovariectomized (OVX) rats OT - UPLC-Q-TOF-MS OT - UPLC-TQD-MS OT - Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB) EDAT- 2021/06/01 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/13 06:00 CRDT- 2021/05/31 20:18 PHST- 2020/07/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/12/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/05/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/06/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/31 20:18 [entrez] AID - S1570-0232(21)00252-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122771 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2021 Jun 30;1176:122771. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122771. Epub 2021 May 18.