PMID- 34062781
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210605
IS  - 2218-1989 (Print)
IS  - 2218-1989 (Electronic)
IS  - 2218-1989 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 May 1
TI  - The Aging of Adipocytes Increases Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines 
      Chronologically.
LID - 10.3390/metabo11050292 [doi]
LID - 292
AB  - Adipose tissue is a significant producer of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese 
      and old individuals. However, there is no direct evidence of whether and how aged 
      adipocytes enhance the production of pro-inflammatory markers. We aimed to 
      investigate whether the aging adipocytes increase pro-inflammatory markers. Swiss 
      mouse embryonic-tissue-derived 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into adipocytes 
      and maintained for 60 days in the conditioned medium or 35 days in the 
      unconditioned medium. Additionally, 20-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a 
      standard chow diet for 37 weeks until they were extremely aged, when ~75% of mice 
      died because of aging. Accumulated lipids, pro-inflammatory markers, and nuclear 
      factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway markers from differentiated adipocytes were 
      analyzed. Pro-inflammatory markers and NF-kappaB pathway markers of epididymal white 
      adipose tissues (EWATs) and adipocytes from EWATs were also analyzed. We found 
      that the aging adipocytes chronologically accumulated lipids and increased 
      pro-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 
      (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); at the same time, NF-kappaB p50 
      markers were also increased while IkappaBalpha protein was decreased significantly in 
      conditioned medium. Similar results were observed when differentiated adipocytes 
      were maintained in the unconditioned medium and the adipocytes from EWATs of aged 
      mice. We demonstrated that aging augmented chronic inflammation through the NF-kappaB 
      signaling pathway in adipocytes and adipose tissue.
FAU - Ahmed, Bulbul
AU  - Ahmed B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9143-4538
AD  - Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, 
      USA.
FAU - Si, Hongwei
AU  - Si H
AD  - Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - TENX-2011-0255 and TENX-1814-FS to Hongwei Si)/National Institute of Food and 
      Agriculture in the United States Department of Agriculture/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210501
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Metabolites
JT  - Metabolites
JID - 101578790
PMC - PMC8147339
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NF-kappaB
OT  - adipocytes
OT  - aging
OT  - pro-inflammation
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/03 06:01
PMCR- 2021/05/01
CRDT- 2021/06/02 01:04
PHST- 2021/02/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/02 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - metabo11050292 [pii]
AID - metabolites-11-00292 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/metabo11050292 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Metabolites. 2021 May 1;11(5):292. doi: 10.3390/metabo11050292.