PMID- 34067683
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210614
LR  - 20210614
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 10
DP  - 2021 May 17
TI  - Circulating Soluble ACE2 and Upstream microRNA Expressions in Serum of Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22105263 [doi]
LID - 5263
AB  - The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with 
      multiple organ failure and comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM). Risk factors, such as age, gender, and obesity, were associated with 
      COVID-19 infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 
      is known to use several host receptors for viral entry, such as 
      angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 
      (TMPRSS2) in the lung and other organs. However, ACE2 could be shed from the 
      surface to be soluble ACE2 (sACE2) in the circulation. The epigenetic factors 
      affecting ACE2 expression include a type of small non-coding RNAs called 
      microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we aimed at exploring the status of the sACE2 
      as well as serum levels of several upstream novel miRNAs as non-invasive 
      biomarkers that might have a potential role in T2DM patients. Serum samples were 
      collected from 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls, and sACE2 levels were 
      quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, RNA was 
      extracted, and TaqMan miRNA reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was 
      performed to measure serum miRNA levels. Our results revealed that sACE2 is 
      decreased in the T2DM patients and is affected by age, gender, and obesity level. 
      Additionally, 4 miRNAs, which are revealed by in silico analysis to be 
      potentially upstream of ACE2 were detectable in the serum. Among them, miR-421 
      level was found to be decreased in the serum of diabetic patients, regardless of 
      the presence or absence of diabetic complications, as well as being differential 
      in various body mass index (BMI) groups. The other 3 miRNAs (miR-3909, 
      miR-212-5p, and miR-4677-3p) showed associations with multiple factors including 
      age, gender, BMI, and serum markers, in addition to being correlated to each 
      other. In conclusion, our study reveals a decline in the circulating serum levels 
      of sACE2 in T2DM patients and identified 4 novel miRNAs that were associated with 
      T2DM, which are influenced by different clinical and demographic factors.
FAU - Elemam, Noha Mousaad
AU  - Elemam NM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3586-6731
AD  - Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of 
      Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Hasswan, Hind
AU  - Hasswan H
AD  - Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of 
      Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Aljaibeji, Hayat
AU  - Aljaibeji H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1716-0743
AD  - Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of 
      Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
FAU - Sulaiman, Nabil
AU  - Sulaiman N
AD  - Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of 
      Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
AD  - Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 
      Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
AD  - Baker/IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
LA  - eng
GR  - 120301/National Diabetes and Lifestyle Survey/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210517
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (MIRN212 microRNA, human)
RN  - 0 (MIRN421 microRNA, human)
RN  - 0 (MIRN46773p microRNA, human)
RN  - 0 (MicroRNAs)
RN  - EC 3.4.17.23 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/*blood/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - COVID-19/blood/complications/genetics
MH  - Diabetes Complications/*blood/genetics/virology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/genetics/physiopathology/virology
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - MicroRNAs/*blood/genetics
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/blood/genetics
PMC - PMC8156444
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - miRNAs
OT  - soluble ACE2
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/16 06:00
PMCR- 2021/05/17
CRDT- 2021/06/02 01:20
PHST- 2021/03/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/02 01:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22105263 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-05263 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22105263 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 17;22(10):5263. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105263.