PMID- 34068092
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210823
LR  - 20220215
IS  - 2073-4425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 May 13
TI  - MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development.
LID - 10.3390/genes12050728 [doi]
LID - 728
AB  - The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via 
      its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was 
      unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. 
      Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogramming and mTOR 
      signaling impact peripheral T cell activation and fate. The contribution of mTOR 
      and metabolism during early T-cell development in the thymus is also emerging and 
      is the subject of this review. Two major T lineages with distinct immune 
      functions and peripheral homing organs diverge during early thymic development; 
      the alphabeta- and gammadelta-T cells, which are defined by their respective TCR subunits. 
      Thymic T-regulatory cells, which have immunosuppressive functions, also develop 
      in the thymus from positively selected alphabeta-T cells. Here, we review recent 
      findings on how the two mTOR protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and the 
      signaling molecules involved in the mTOR pathway are involved in thymocyte 
      differentiation. We discuss emerging views on how metabolic remodeling impacts 
      early T cell development and how this can be mediated via mTOR signaling.
FAU - Werlen, Guy
AU  - Werlen G
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical 
      School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
FAU - Jain, Ritika
AU  - Jain R
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical 
      School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
FAU - Jacinto, Estela
AU  - Jacinto E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7118-1759
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical 
      School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 GM137493/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - GM137493/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210513
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Genes (Basel)
JT  - Genes
JID - 101551097
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymphopoiesis
MH  - *Signal Transduction
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism
PMC - PMC8152735
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - T lymphocytes
OT  - T-cell metabolism
OT  - early T cell development
OT  - mTOR
OT  - mTORC1
OT  - mTORC2
OT  - thymocytes
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of the data; 
      in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/24 06:00
PMCR- 2021/05/13
CRDT- 2021/06/02 01:21
PHST- 2021/04/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/02 01:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - genes12050728 [pii]
AID - genes-12-00728 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/genes12050728 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Genes (Basel). 2021 May 13;12(5):728. doi: 10.3390/genes12050728.