PMID- 34071872
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210604
LR  - 20210615
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 May 27
TI  - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Primary Emotional Systems and Emotional 
      Regulation.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18115742 [doi]
LID - 5742
AB  - (1) Background: The COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a unique 
      challenge as a severe global crisis affecting physical and psychological health. 
      The main purpose of this work is to study the impact of a traumatic event while 
      also observing the human ability to adapt. One of the first theories to study the 
      adaptive importance of the evolutionary lineage of the affective systems is 
      referred to as BrainMind (Panksepp, 2010). This study aims to explore whether 
      primary emotional systems (PES) and emotion regulation (ER) strategies show 
      differences between the pre- and post- lockdown period; and if positive systems 
      and specific emotion regulation pre-pandemic act as a protective or risk factor 
      for mental and physical wellbeing. (2) Methods: 98 participants who had 
      participated in a previous study before the pandemic were re-contacted to refill 
      the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Emotion Regulation 
      Questionnaire (ERQ) after the outbreak of the pandemic with the addition of the 
      Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R). (3) Results: The results showed that the 
      COVID-19 lockdown rules had an impact on Emotional Regulation and on a 
      re-balancing of PES. Moreover, pre-pandemic expressive-suppressive ERQ strategies 
      and ANPS SADNESS scores appeared as relevant risk factors, which predicted higher 
      Global Severity Index (GSI) scores during lockdown. (4) Conclusions: The lockdown 
      appears to have activated PLAY and CARE as protective systems, but has detuned 
      the ability to positively reinterpret the situation.
FAU - Mariani, Rachele
AU  - Mariani R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5952-3525
AD  - Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies Sapienza, 
      University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Renzi, Alessia
AU  - Renzi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8553-4444
AD  - Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies Sapienza, 
      University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Di Monte, Cinzia
AU  - Di Monte C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1393-7666
AD  - Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies Sapienza, 
      University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Petrovska, Elena
AU  - Petrovska E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5536-7956
AD  - Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530-0701, USA.
FAU - Di Trani, Michela
AU  - Di Trani M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5085-3453
AD  - Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies Sapienza, 
      University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210527
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - Communicable Disease Control
MH  - *Emotional Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pandemics
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
PMC - PMC8198209
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - coronavirus pandemic
OT  - emotion regulation
OT  - mental and physical health
OT  - primary emotional systems
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/05 06:00
PMCR- 2021/05/27
CRDT- 2021/06/02 01:33
PHST- 2021/04/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/02 01:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18115742 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-05742 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18115742 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 27;18(11):5742. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18115742.