PMID- 34082048
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211108
LR  - 20211108
IS  - 1873-6351 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-6915 (Linking)
VI  - 154
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Occurrence, patterns, and sources of hazardous organic chemicals in edible 
      insects and insect-based food from the Japanese market.
PG  - 112311
LID - S0278-6915(21)00344-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112311 [doi]
AB  - Due to the growth of the world's population, edible insects have been considered 
      a valuable alternative food source for humans. Japan has a long-lasting 
      traditional culture of eating wild insects, a practice that has recently evolved 
      towards farming and selling reared edible insects. In this study, we investigated 
      the contamination loads, profiles, and possible sources of organophosphorus flame 
      retardants (PFRs), plasticizers, and selected persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs) in insect foods available on the Japanese market. Medians of selected POPs 
      in the dataset were up to 1.3 ng/g lw, while medians of PFRs and plasticizers 
      were 12 and 486 ng/g ww, respectively. CB-153, p,p'-DDE, BDE-47, 
      tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (TCIPP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) 
      were the dominant compounds in the analyzed samples, a pattern comparable to 
      previous investigations on organic chemicals in edible insects. Our overall 
      results suggest that POPs were likely accumulated by the insects during rearing 
      or from the wild environment, while PFRs and plasticizers derived from 
      post-harvesting industrial handling and seasoning. Differences in pollution 
      patterns and the absence of correlations between PFR and plasticizer loads in 
      insects and in food packaging suggest that the transfer of contaminants from food 
      contact materials is not a main source of contamination.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Poma, Giulia
AU  - Poma G
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium. Electronic address: giulia.poma@uantwerpen.be.
FAU - Fujii, Yukiko
AU  - Fujii Y
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium; Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 
      815-8511, Japan.
FAU - Lievens, Siebe
AU  - Lievens S
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), 
      Faculty of Engineering Technology, Lab4Food, Campus Geel, 2440, Geel, Belgium.
FAU - Bombeke, Jasper
AU  - Bombeke J
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Gao, Beibei
AU  - Gao B
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
FAU - Jeong, Yunsun
AU  - Jeong Y
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium.
FAU - McGrath, Thomas Jacob
AU  - McGrath TJ
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Covaci, Adrian
AU  - Covaci A
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium. Electronic address: adrian.covaci@uantwerpen.be.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210601
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem Toxicol
JT  - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British 
      Industrial Biological Research Association
JID - 8207483
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Substances)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Plasticizers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Edible Insects/*chemistry
MH  - Flame Retardants/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Hazardous Substances/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Plasticizers/analysis/toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Entomophagy
OT  - Food contact materials
OT  - Insect food
OT  - Organophosphorus flame retardants
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Plasticizers
EDAT- 2021/06/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/09 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/03 20:14
PHST- 2021/05/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/03 20:14 [entrez]
AID - S0278-6915(21)00344-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112311 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Aug;154:112311. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112311. Epub 2021 
      Jun 1.