PMID- 34087086
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210927
LR  - 20210927
IS  - 1097-9891 (Electronic)
IS  - 0095-2990 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Sep 3
TI  - Drug and alcohol positivity of traumatically injured patients related to COVID-19 
      stay-at-home orders.
PG  - 605-611
LID - 10.1080/00952990.2021.1904967 [doi]
AB  - Background: COVID-19 related stay-at-home (SAH) orders created many economic and 
      social stressors, possibly increasing the risk of drug/alcohol abuse in the 
      community and trauma population.Objectives: Describe changes in alcohol/drug use 
      in traumatically injured patients after SAH orders in California and evaluate 
      demographic or injury pattern changes in alcohol or drug-positive 
      patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 11 trauma centers in Southern 
      California (1/1/2020-6/30/2020) was performed. Blood alcohol concentration, urine 
      toxicology results, demographics, and injury characteristics were collected. 
      Patients were grouped based on injury date - before SAH (PRE-SAH), immediately 
      after SAH (POST-SAH), and a historical comparison (3/19/2019-6/30/2019) (CONTROL) 
      - and compared in separate analyses. Groups were compared using chi-square tests 
      for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous 
      variables.Results: 20,448 trauma patients (13,634 male, 6,814 female) were 
      identified across three time-periods. The POST-SAH group had higher rates of any 
      drug (26.2% vs. 21.6% and 24.7%, OR = 1.26 and 1.08, p < .001 and p = .035), 
      amphetamine (10.4% vs. 7.5% and 9.3%, OR = 1.43 and 1.14, p < .001 and p = .023), 
      tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (13.8% vs. 11.0% and 11.4%, OR = 1.30 and 1.25, p 
      < .001 and p < .001), and 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) (0.8% vs. 
      0.4% and 0.2%, OR = 2.02 and 4.97, p = .003 and p < .001) positivity compared to 
      PRE-SAH and CONTROL groups. Alcohol concentration and positivity were similar 
      between groups (p > .05).Conclusion: This Southern California multicenter study 
      demonstrated increased amphetamine, MDMA, and THC positivity in trauma patients 
      after SAH, but no difference in alcohol positivity or blood concentration. Drug 
      prevention strategies should continue to be adapted within and outside of 
      hospitals during a pandemic.
FAU - Young, Kirsten N
AU  - Young KN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2988-0131
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
FAU - Yeates, Eric O
AU  - Yeates EO
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
FAU - Grigorian, Areg
AU  - Grigorian A
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Schellenberg, Morgan
AU  - Schellenberg M
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Owattanapanich, Natthida
AU  - Owattanapanich N
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Barmparas, Galinos
AU  - Barmparas G
AD  - Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Margulies, Daniel
AU  - Margulies D
AD  - Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Juillard, Catherine
AU  - Juillard C
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Garber, Kent
AU  - Garber K
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Cryer, Henry
AU  - Cryer H
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Tillou, Areti
AU  - Tillou A
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Burruss, Sigrid
AU  - Burruss S
AD  - Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
FAU - Penaloza-Villalobos, Liz
AU  - Penaloza-Villalobos L
AD  - Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
FAU - Lin, Ann
AU  - Lin A
AD  - Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
FAU - Figueras, Ryan Arthur
AU  - Figueras RA
AD  - Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
FAU - Brenner, Megan
AU  - Brenner M
AD  - Riverside/Riverside University Health System Department of Surgery, University of 
      California, Moreno Valley, CA, USA.
FAU - Firek, Christopher
AU  - Firek C
AD  - Riverside University Health System, Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical 
      Outcomes Research Center (CECORC), Moreno Valley, CA, USA.
FAU - Costantini, Todd
AU  - Costantini T
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
FAU - Santorelli, Jarrett
AU  - Santorelli J
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
FAU - Curry, Terry
AU  - Curry T
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
FAU - Wintz, Diane
AU  - Wintz D
AD  - Department of Surgery, Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
FAU - Biffl, Walter L
AU  - Biffl WL
AD  - Trauma Department, Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA.
FAU - Schaffer, Kathryn B
AU  - Schaffer KB
AD  - Trauma Department, Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA.
FAU - Duncan, Thomas K
AU  - Duncan TK
AD  - Department of Surgery, Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, CA, USA.
FAU - Barbaro, Casey
AU  - Barbaro C
AD  - Department of Surgery, Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, CA, USA.
FAU - Diaz, Graal
AU  - Diaz G
AD  - Department of Surgery, Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, CA, USA.
FAU - Johnson, Arianne
AU  - Johnson A
AD  - Department of Trauma, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Cottage Health Research 
      Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
FAU - Chinn, Justine
AU  - Chinn J
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
FAU - Naaseh, Ariana
AU  - Naaseh A
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
FAU - Leung, Amanda
AU  - Leung A
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
FAU - Grabar, Christina
AU  - Grabar C
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
FAU - Nahmias, Jeffry
AU  - Nahmias J
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
DEP - 20210604
PL  - England
TA  - Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
JT  - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
JID - 7502510
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - COVID-19/*epidemiology
MH  - California/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Quarantine/legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Trauma Centers
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alcohol
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - amphetamines
OT  - drugs
OT  - quarantine
OT  - stay-at-home
OT  - toxicology
OT  - trauma
EDAT- 2021/06/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/28 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/04 20:10
PHST- 2021/06/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/04 20:10 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/00952990.2021.1904967 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2021 Sep 3;47(5):605-611. doi: 
      10.1080/00952990.2021.1904967. Epub 2021 Jun 4.