PMID- 34090974
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211223
LR  - 20211223
IS  - 1532-0456 (Print)
IS  - 1532-0456 (Linking)
VI  - 248
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Morphometric, hematological and oxidative stress changes in Clarias gariepinus 
      following sub-chronic exposure to tramadol.
PG  - 109096
LID - S1532-0456(21)00123-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109096 [doi]
AB  - Tramadol is among the most famous analgesic drugs used for the management, 
      treatment and relief of moderate to severe pain conditions. The present study 
      investigated the effects of tramadol on the behavior, mortality, morphometric, 
      hematology and oxidative stress parameters of C. gariepinus juveniles. The 96 h 
      LC(50) value of tramadol determined by probit analysis was 88.76 mg/L. Based on 
      this value, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 4.44, 8.88, 
      17.75 mg/L tramadol and 0.0 mg/L (control) for the period of 15 days and allowed 
      to recover for 5 days. Fish exposed to tramadol showed some abnormal behavioral 
      responses and mortality increased with increase in the exposure duration and 
      concentrations except for the control. There were variations in hepatosomatic 
      index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) in fish exposed to tramadol. Exposure of C. 
      gariepinus to tramadol elicited reduction in the values of white blood cell 
      (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean 
      corpuscular volume (MCV) while the values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 
      and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased. The values of 
      catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced 
      glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) increased significantly in the 
      exposed fish compared with the control. The values of glutathione peroxidase 
      (GPx) however decreased. The results of the present study demonstrate that 
      tramadol is toxic to fish and its use should be monitored in the aquatic 
      environment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ogili, Florence Isabella
AU  - Ogili FI
AD  - Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Ali, Daoud
AU  - Ali D
AD  - Department of Zoology, King Saud University, BOX 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Attamah, Gerald N
AU  - Attamah GN
AD  - Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Aletan, Uduak
AU  - Aletan U
AD  - Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria Jabi 
      Abuja, Nigeria.
FAU - Kelle, Henrietta Ijeoma
AU  - Kelle HI
AD  - Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria Jabi 
      Abuja, Nigeria.
FAU - Chukwu, Maureen N
AU  - Chukwu MN
AD  - Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria Jabi 
      Abuja, Nigeria.
FAU - Nwani, Christopher D
AU  - Nwani CD
AD  - Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 
      Nigeria. Electronic address: chris.nwani@unn.edu.ng.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210606
PL  - United States
TA  - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
JT  - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP
JID - 100959500
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 39J1LGJ30J (Tramadol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage/toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - *Catfishes
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/*drug effects
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Tramadol/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antioxidant enzymes
OT  - Blood parameters
OT  - Fish
OT  - Morphology
OT  - Tramadol
EDAT- 2021/06/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/24 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/06 20:47
PHST- 2021/04/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/06 20:47 [entrez]
AID - S1532-0456(21)00123-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109096 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021 Oct;248:109096. doi: 
      10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109096. Epub 2021 Jun 6.