PMID- 34096954
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211130
LR  - 20211130
IS  - 2042-650X (Electronic)
IS  - 2042-6496 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 14
DP  - 2021 Jul 21
TI  - Both macronutrient food composition and fasting insulin resistance affect 
      postprandial glycemic responses in senior subjects.
PG  - 6540-6548
LID - 10.1039/d1fo00731a [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. 
      Insulin resistance (IR) might affect metabolic responses in non-fasting states. 
      Dietary intake and food composition influence postprandial glucose homeostasis. 
      The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of different test foods 
      varying in the macronutrient composition on postprandial glycemic responses and 
      whether these outcomes are conditioned by the basal glycemic status in senior 
      subjects. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled crossover design, thirty-four 
      adults consumed a test food, a high protein product (n = 19) or a high 
      carbohydrate (CHO) product (n = 15), using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 
      as a reference. Blood glucose and insulin were measured at fasting and at 15, 30, 
      45, 60, 90, and 120 min after starting the food intake. For each type of food, 
      the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose and insulin was 
      calculated. IR was measured using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR 
      (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Consumption of a high protein product significantly lowered 
      the peak and Delta blood glucose concentrations compared to the high CHO product (p < 
      0.001). Concerning the insulin response, no significant differences between both 
      foods were observed. Fasting glucose was positively correlated with the glucose 
      iAUC only for the high protein product. Positive associations of both fasting 
      insulin and HOMA-IR with the insulin iAUC for all the cases were observed. Linear 
      regression models showed significant positive associations between the glucose 
      iAUC and fasting glucose after adjusting for age and sex. Regarding the insulin 
      iAUC, positive associations were found with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. 
      Regression models also evidenced that both food test consumptions were able to 
      decrease the glucose and insulin iAUC values when compared with the OGTT product. 
      CONCLUSION: Our research found that not only is the nutritional composition of 
      foods important, but also the baseline glycemic state of individuals when 
      assessing glycemic index estimations and addressing precision nutritional 
      strategies to prevent and treat IR-associated disturbances.
FAU - Galarregui, Cristina
AU  - Galarregui C
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition 
      Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 
      Pamplona, Spain. cgalarregui@alumni.unav.es snavas@unav.es cgnavarro@unav.es 
      jalfmtz@unav.es mazulet@unav.es iabetego@unav.es.
FAU - Navas-Carretero, Santiago
AU  - Navas-Carretero S
FAU - Gonzalez-Navarro, Carlos J
AU  - Gonzalez-Navarro CJ
FAU - Martinez, J Alfredo
AU  - Martinez JA
FAU - Zulet, M Angeles
AU  - Zulet MA
FAU - Abete, Itziar
AU  - Abete I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20210607
PL  - England
TA  - Food Funct
JT  - Food & function
JID - 101549033
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Area Under Curve
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - Diet/*methods
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
MH  - *Fasting
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Glucose Tolerance Test
MH  - Glycemic Index
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperglycemia/blood/*diet therapy
MH  - Insulin/blood
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nutrients/*administration & dosage
MH  - Postprandial Period
EDAT- 2021/06/08 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/01 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/07 12:24
PHST- 2021/06/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/07 12:24 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/d1fo00731a [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Funct. 2021 Jul 21;12(14):6540-6548. doi: 10.1039/d1fo00731a. Epub 2021 Jun 
      7.