PMID- 34116033
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211129
LR  - 20211129
IS  - 1096-0805 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-2011 (Linking)
VI  - 184
DP  - 2021 Sep
TI  - The first detection of a novel OsHV-1 microvariant in San Diego, California, USA.
PG  - 107636
LID - S0022-2011(21)00103-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107636 [doi]
AB  - The spread, emergence, and adaptation of pathogens causing marine disease has 
      been problematic to fisheries and aquaculture industries for the last several 
      decades creating the need for strategic management and biosecurity practices. The 
      Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), a highly productive species globally, has 
      been a target of disease and mortality caused by a viral pathogen, the Ostreid 
      herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (OsHV-1 microvars). During routine 
      surveillance to establish health history at a shellfish aquaculture nursery 
      system in San Diego, California, the presence of OsHV-1 in Pacific oyster 
      juveniles was detected. Quantification of OsHV-1 in tissues of oysters revealed 
      OsHV-1 viral loads > 10(6) copies/mg. We characterized and identified the OsHV-1 
      variant by sequencing of ORFs 4 (C2/C6) and 43 (IA1/IA2), which demonstrated that 
      this variant is a novel OsHV-1 microvariant: OsHV-1 microvar SD. A pilot transmission 
      study indicates that OsHV-1 microvar SD is infectious with high viral 
      loads ~ 7.57 x 10(6) copies/mg detected in dead individuals. The detection of 
      OsHV-1 microvar SD in a large port mirrors previous studies conducted in Australia 
      where aquaculture farms and feral populations near port locations may be at a 
      higher risk of OsHV-1 emergence. Further research is needed to understand the 
      impacts of OsHV-1 microvar SD, such as transmission studies focusing on potential 
      vectors and characterization of virulence as compared to other OsHV-1 microvars. To 
      increase biosecurity of the global aquaculture industry, active and passive 
      surveillance may be necessary to reduce spread of pathogens and make appropriate 
      management decisions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Burge, Colleen A
AU  - Burge CA
AD  - Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore 
      County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. Electronic address: 
      colleenb@umbc.edu.
FAU - Friedman, Carolyn S
AU  - Friedman CS
AD  - School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, 
      Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
FAU - Kachmar, Mariah L
AU  - Kachmar ML
AD  - Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore 
      County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
FAU - Humphrey, Karen L
AU  - Humphrey KL
AD  - AquaTechnics Inc, 455 West Bell Street, Sequim, WA 98382, USA.
FAU - Moore, James D
AU  - Moore JD
AD  - California Department of Fish & Wildlife, UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 
      Westside Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
FAU - Elston, Ralph A
AU  - Elston RA
AD  - AquaTechnics Inc, 455 West Bell Street, Sequim, WA 98382, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210609
PL  - United States
TA  - J Invertebr Pathol
JT  - Journal of invertebrate pathology
JID - 0014067
RN  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - California
MH  - Crassostrea/*virology
MH  - DNA Viruses/genetics/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Viral Load
MH  - Virulence
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aquaculture
OT  - Disease
OT  - Herpesvirus
OT  - Oysters
OT  - POMS
EDAT- 2021/06/12 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/30 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/11 20:11
PHST- 2020/08/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/11 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0022-2011(21)00103-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107636 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Invertebr Pathol. 2021 Sep;184:107636. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107636. Epub 
      2021 Jun 9.