PMID- 34119722 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210906 LR - 20210906 IS - 1879-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0045-6535 (Linking) VI - 282 DP - 2021 Nov TI - Quantitative analysis and spatial and temporal distribution of volatile organic compounds in atmospheric air by utilizing drone with miniaturized samplers. PG - 131024 LID - S0045-6535(21)01496-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131024 [doi] AB - Our second generation air sampling drone system, allowing the simultaneous use of four solid phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow and four in-tube extraction (ITEX) units, was employed for collection of atmospheric air samples at different spatial and temporal dimensions. SPME Arrow coated with two types of materials and ITEX with 10% polyacrylonitrile as sorbent were used to give a more comprehensive chemical characterization of the collected air samples. Before field sampling, miniaturized samplers went through quality control and assurance in terms of reproducibility (RSD /=10 min), breakthrough volume (1.8 L) and storage time (up to 48 h). 128 air samples were collected under optimal sampling conditions from July to September 2019 at the SMEAR II station and Qvidja farm, Finland. 347 VOCs were identified in the air samples either on-site or in the laboratory by thermal desorption gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, and they were quantified/semiquantified using Partial Least Squares Regression models. Individual models were developed for the different coatings and packing materials using gas phase standards obtained by an automatic permeation system. Average gas phase VOC concentrations ranged from 0.1 (toluene, the SMEAR II station) to 680 ng L(-1) (acetone, Qvidja farm). Average VOC concentrations in aerosols ranged from 0.1 (1,4-cyclohexadiene, the SMEAR II station) to 2287 ng L(-1) (megastigma-4,6,8-triene, Qvidja farm). Clear differences in results were seen for samples collected at the SMEAR II station and Qvidja farm, between VOC compositions in gas phase and aerosols, and between the sampling site and height. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Lan, Hangzhen AU - Lan H AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Ruiz-Jimenez, Jose AU - Ruiz-Jimenez J AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Leleev, Yevgeny AU - Leleev Y AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Demaria, Giorgia AU - Demaria G AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Jussila, Matti AU - Jussila M AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Hartonen, Kari AU - Hartonen K AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Riekkola, Marja-Liisa AU - Riekkola ML AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: marja-liisa.riekkola@helsinki.fi. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210607 PL - England TA - Chemosphere JT - Chemosphere JID - 0320657 RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) RN - 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds) RN - 1364PS73AF (Acetone) SB - IM MH - Acetone MH - *Air Pollutants/analysis MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Solid Phase Microextraction MH - *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aerial drone OT - Atmospheric air OT - In-tube extraction OT - Quantitative analysis OT - Solid phase microextraction arrow OT - Volatile organic compounds EDAT- 2021/06/14 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/07 06:00 CRDT- 2021/06/13 20:43 PHST- 2021/03/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/05/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/05/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/06/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/06/13 20:43 [entrez] AID - S0045-6535(21)01496-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131024 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chemosphere. 2021 Nov;282:131024. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131024. Epub 2021 Jun 7.