PMID- 34125699
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220131
LR  - 20230921
IS  - 1476-1645 (Electronic)
IS  - 0002-9637 (Print)
IS  - 0002-9637 (Linking)
VI  - 105
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Jun 14
TI  - Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Incorporating Piperonyl Butoxide Reduce the Risk 
      of Malaria in Children in Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
PG  - 461-471
LID - tpmd201069 [pii]
LID - 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1069 [doi]
AB  - Malaria vectors have acquired an enzyme that metabolizes pyrethroids. To tackle 
      this problem, we evaluated long-lasting insecticidal nets incorporating piperonyl 
      butoxide (PBO-LLINs) with a community-based cluster randomized control trial in 
      western Kenya. The primary endpoints were anopheline density and Plasmodium 
      falciparum polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive prevalence (PCRpfPR) of 
      children aged 7 months to 10 years. Four clusters were randomly selected for each 
      of the treatment and control arms (eight clusters in total) from 12 clusters, and 
      PBO-LLINs and standard LLINs were distributed in February 2011 to 982 and 1,028 
      houses for treatment and control arms, respectively. Entomological surveys 
      targeted 20 houses in each cluster, and epidemiological surveys targeted 150 
      children. Cluster-level permutation tests evaluated the effectiveness using the 
      fitted values from individual level regression models adjusted for baseline. 
      Bootstrapping estimated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The medians of 
      anophelines per house were 1.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.3) and 3.4 (IQR: 
      3.7) in the intervention and control arms after 3 months, and 0.4 (IQR: 0.2) and 
      1.6 (IQR: 0.5) after 10 months, respectively. The differences were -2.5 (95% CI: 
      -6.4 to -0.6) and -1.3 (95% CI: -2.0 to -0.7), respectively. The datasets of 861 
      and 775 children were analyzed in two epidemiological surveys. The median 
      PCRpfPRs were 25% (IQR: 11%) in the intervention arm and 52% (IQR: 11%) in the 
      control arm after 5 months and 33% (IQR: 11%) and 45% (IQR: 5%) after 12 months. 
      The PCRpfPR ratios were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.91) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.90), 
      respectively. We confirmed the superiority of PBO-LLINs.
FAU - Minakawa, Noboru
AU  - Minakawa N
AD  - 1Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
FAU - Kongere, James O
AU  - Kongere JO
AD  - 2Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
AD  - 3Center for Research in Tropical Medicine and Community Development (CRTMCD), 
      Nairobi, Kenya.
FAU - Sonye, George O
AU  - Sonye GO
AD  - 4Ability to Solve by Knowledge Project, Mbita, Kenya.
FAU - Lutiali, Peter A
AU  - Lutiali PA
AD  - 2Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
AD  - 3Center for Research in Tropical Medicine and Community Development (CRTMCD), 
      Nairobi, Kenya.
FAU - Awuor, Beatrice
AU  - Awuor B
AD  - 4Ability to Solve by Knowledge Project, Mbita, Kenya.
FAU - Kawada, Hitoshi
AU  - Kawada H
AD  - 1Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
FAU - Isozumi, Rie
AU  - Isozumi R
AD  - 1Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
FAU - Futami, Kyoko
AU  - Futami K
AD  - 1Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210614
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Trop Med Hyg
JT  - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
JID - 0370507
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Pyrethrins)
RN  - LWK91TU9AH (Piperonyl Butoxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Culicidae/drug effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Insecticide-Treated Bednets/parasitology/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Insecticides/pharmacology
MH  - Kenya/epidemiology
MH  - Malaria/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mosquito Control/methods
MH  - Mosquito Vectors/*drug effects
MH  - Pathology, Molecular
MH  - Piperonyl Butoxide/*pharmacology
MH  - Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Pyrethrins/pharmacology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
PMC - PMC8437186
COIS- Disclosure: Although this study was partially funded by the manufacture (Sumitomo 
      Chemical Co. Ltd) of OlysetNet and OlysetPlus, the authors have no other 
      financial competing interests and nonfinancial competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/06/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/01 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/14
CRDT- 2021/06/14 17:23
PHST- 2020/08/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/14 17:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - tpmd201069 [pii]
AID - 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1069 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Jun 14;105(2):461-471. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1069.