PMID- 34130055
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210824
LR  - 20210824
IS  - 1879-2057 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-4575 (Linking)
VI  - 159
DP  - 2021 Sep
TI  - The who, what and when of drug driving in Queensland: Analysing the results of 
      roadside drug testing, 2015-2020.
PG  - 106231
LID - S0001-4575(21)00262-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106231 [doi]
AB  - Roadside Drug Testing (RDT) is the primary strategy utilised in Australia to 
      detect and deter drug driving. RDT operations have been expanding and evolving in 
      Queensland since their introduction in 2007, with the number of tests increasing 
      by 5.63 times between 2009 and 2019. The objective of this paper was to explore 
      trends and characteristics of the 60,551 positive results detected in 
      Queensland's RDT program (from January 2015 to June 2020), which focuses on the 
      detection of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine 
      (MDMA) and methamphetamine (MA). The analysis indicated that (over the entire 
      testing period) MA was the most common drug detected in isolation (39.4%), 
      followed by THC (34%) and the combination of MA and THC (21.9%). When considering 
      detections with two or more drugs, MA was present in 64% of detections, THC in 
      59% and MDMA in 1.8%. THC was most commonly detected among younger drivers (e.g., 
      aged 16 to 24), while MA was most commonly detected with drivers aged 25 and 
      59 years. Analysis of sociodemographic and contextual factors revealed that 
      positive roadside tests were most commonly associated with males who had consumed 
      methamphetamines, aged between 30 and 39 who were driving a car on a Friday or 
      Saturday between 2:00 pm and 6:00 pm. The findings provide some indication as to 
      the extent of drug driving within Queensland (and growing use of MA) and have 
      clear implications for enforcement activities, not least, directing sufficient 
      resources to address the burgeoning problem.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mills, Laura
AU  - Mills L
AD  - Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy 
      Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia. Electronic address: 
      lmills1@usc.edu.au.
FAU - Freeman, James
AU  - Freeman J
AD  - Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy 
      Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia. Electronic address: 
      jfreema1@usc.edu.au.
FAU - Davey, Jeremy
AU  - Davey J
AD  - Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy 
      Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia. Electronic address: 
      jdavey4@usc.edu.au.
FAU - Davey, Benjamin
AU  - Davey B
AD  - Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy 
      Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia. Electronic address: 
      bdavey@usc.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210612
PL  - England
TA  - Accid Anal Prev
JT  - Accident; analysis and prevention
JID - 1254476
RN  - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
RN  - 7J8897W37S (Dronabinol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidents, Traffic
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Automobile Driving
MH  - Dronabinol
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Pharmaceutical Preparations
MH  - Queensland
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Drug driving
OT  - Queensland
OT  - Roadside drug testing
EDAT- 2021/06/16 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/25 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/15 20:16
PHST- 2020/11/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/15 20:16 [entrez]
AID - S0001-4575(21)00262-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106231 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Accid Anal Prev. 2021 Sep;159:106231. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106231. Epub 2021 
      Jun 12.