PMID- 34130564
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220113
LR  - 20220113
IS  - 1549-7798 (Electronic)
IS  - 1040-9238 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Cancer cells dysregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation to ensure their 
      survival and proliferation: mimicking them is a smart strategy of 
      gammaherpesviruses.
PG  - 500-509
LID - 10.1080/10409238.2021.1934811 [doi]
AB  - The serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the catalytic 
      subunit of two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have common and distinct 
      subunits that mediate separate and overlapping functions. mTORC1 is activated by 
      plenty of nutrients, and the two complexes can be activated by PI3K signaling. 
      mTORC2 acts as an upstream regulator of AKT, and mTORC1 acts as a downstream 
      effector. mTOR signaling integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals, 
      acting as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and survival. A 
      dysregulated activation of mTOR, as result of PI3K pathway or mTOR regulatory 
      protein mutations or even due to the presence of cellular or viral oncogenes, is 
      a common finding in cancer and represents a central mechanism in cancerogenesis. 
      In the final part of this review, we will focus on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation 
      by the human gammaherpesviruses EBV and KSHV that hijack this pathway to promote 
      their-mediated oncogenic transformation and pathologies.
FAU - Cirone, Mara
AU  - Cirone M
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
AD  - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 
      Rome, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210615
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
JT  - Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
JID - 8903774
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Proliferation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
MH  - *Neoplasms/genetics
MH  - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
MH  - *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EBV
OT  - KSHV
OT  - PI3K/AKT
OT  - cancer
OT  - mTORC1
OT  - mTORC2
OT  - metabolism
EDAT- 2021/06/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/14 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/16 05:38
PHST- 2021/06/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/16 05:38 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/10409238.2021.1934811 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2021 Oct;56(5):500-509. doi: 
      10.1080/10409238.2021.1934811. Epub 2021 Jun 15.