PMID- 34134425
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210618
LR  - 20210618
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 279
DP  - 2021 Sep
TI  - Application of a fluidized three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with 
      Ti/SnO(2)-Sb/beta-PbO(2) anode and granular activated carbon particles for 
      degradation and mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenol: Process optimization and 
      degradation pathway.
PG  - 130640
LID - S0045-6535(21)01111-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130640 [doi]
AB  - A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with Ti/SnO(2)-Sb/beta-PbO(2) anode and 
      granular activated carbon (3DER-GAC) particle electrodes were used for 
      degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Process modeling and optimization 
      were performed using an orthogonal central composite design (OCCD) and genetic 
      algorithm (GA), respectively. Ti/SnO(2)-Sb/beta-PbO(2) anode was prepared by 
      electrochemical deposition method and then its properties were studied by FESEM, 
      EDX, XRD, Linear sweep voltammetry and accelerated lifetime test techniques. The 
      results showed that lead oxide was precipitated as highly compact pyramidal 
      clusters in the form of beta-PbO(2) on the electrode surface. In addition, the 
      prepared anode had high stability (170 h) and oxygen evolution potential 
      (2.32 V). A robust quadratic model (p-value < 0.0001 and R(2) > 0.99) was 
      developed to predict the 2,4-DCP removal efficiency in the 3DER-GAC system. Under 
      optimal conditions (pH = 4.98, Na(2)SO(4) concentration = 0.07 M, current 
      density = 35 mA cm(-2), GAC amount = 25 g and reaction time = 50 min), the 
      removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP in the 3DER-GAC system and the separate 
      electrochemical degradation process (without GAC particle electrode) were 99.8 
      and 71%, respectively. At a reaction time of 80 min, the TOC removal efficiencies 
      in the 3DER-GAC and the separate electrochemical degradation system were 100 and 
      57.5%, respectively. Accordingly, the energy consumed in these two systems was 
      calculated to be 0.81 and 1.57 kWh g(-1) TOC, respectively. Based on the results 
      of LC-MS analysis, possible degradation pathways of 2,4-DCP were proposed. 
      Trimerization and ring opening reactions were the two dominant mechanisms in 
      2,4-DCP degradation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Samarghandi, Mohammad Reza
AU  - Samarghandi MR
AD  - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research 
      Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 
      Iran.
FAU - Dargahi, Abdollah
AU  - Dargahi A
AD  - Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical 
      Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Electronic address: a.dargahi29@yahoo.com.
FAU - Rahmani, Alireza
AU  - Rahmani A
AD  - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research 
      Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 
      Iran.
FAU - Shabanloo, Amir
AU  - Shabanloo A
AD  - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: shabanlo_a@yahoo.com.
FAU - Ansari, Amin
AU  - Ansari A
AD  - Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
FAU - Nematollahi, Davood
AU  - Nematollahi D
AD  - Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210422
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Chlorophenols)
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
RN  - R669TG1950 (2,4-dichlorophenol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Charcoal
MH  - Chlorophenols
MH  - Electrodes
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Oxides
MH  - *Titanium
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Central composite design
OT  - Fluidized 3DER
OT  - Optimization
OT  - Particle electrode
OT  - PbO(2) anode
EDAT- 2021/06/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/17 01:01
PHST- 2020/12/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/17 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(21)01111-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130640 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2021 Sep;279:130640. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130640. Epub 
      2021 Apr 22.