PMID- 34146981
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210712
LR  - 20210712
IS  - 1090-2414 (Electronic)
IS  - 0147-6513 (Linking)
VI  - 221
DP  - 2021 Sep 15
TI  - Simultaneous determination and risk assessment of highly toxic pesticides in the 
      market-sold vegetables and fruits in China: A 4-year investigational study.
PG  - 112428
LID - S0147-6513(21)00540-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112428 [doi]
AB  - This study investigated the levels of highly toxic pesticides (HTPs) in 6554 
      vegetable and fruit samples from 31 regions of China, along with the associated 
      risk of dietary exposure for the population between 2014 and 2017. 18 HTPs were 
      detected in 325 (4.96%) samples, and the levels of HTPs in 103 (1.57%) samples 
      were found to be higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of China. The rate 
      of detection of HTPs in six types of vegetables and fruits, in a decreasing 
      order, was found to be as follows: eggplant (8.84%) >grape (5.58%) >tomato 
      (5.43%) >cucumber (5.43%) >pear (3.12%) >apple (2.30%). The level of 
      contamination of HTPs was found to be higher in vegetables compared with fruits. 
      The vegetable and fruit samples with the highest percentages of HTPs exceeding 
      MRLs were found in eggplants from Guangxi (20%) and grapes from Inner Mongolia 
      (12.5%), respectively. Both, the average target hazard quotient (THQ) of a single 
      highly toxic pesticide (HTP) and the average hazard index (HI) of the mixture of 
      HTPs for adults and children from vegetables and fruits from the 31 regions were 
      found to be less than one. Omethoate, carbofuran, ethoprophos, triazophos, and 
      phorate were identified as the major contributors to the average HI for 
      vegetables, and carbofuran, ethoprophos, omethoate, phorate, and phosphamidon 
      were identified as the primary contributors to the average HI for fruits. The 
      results of this study revealed that HTPs in vegetables and fruits did not cause 
      any significant chronic risk of dietary exposure. The detection of HTPs exceeding 
      MRLs in some of the samples implied that appropriate management guidelines for 
      HTPs should be implemented to protect the health of the consumers.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Li, Hui
AU  - Li H
AD  - College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and 
      Green Development, Hebei University, 071002, China. Electronic address: 
      lihui2006.cool@163.com.
FAU - Chang, Qiaoying
AU  - Chang Q
AD  - College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural 
      University, Beijing 100083, China.
FAU - Bai, Ruobin
AU  - Bai R
AD  - Beijing Uni-Star Inspection Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
FAU - Lv, Xuechong
AU  - Lv X
AD  - College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and 
      Green Development, Hebei University, 071002, China.
FAU - Cao, Tengliang
AU  - Cao T
AD  - College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and 
      Green Development, Hebei University, 071002, China.
FAU - Shen, Shigang
AU  - Shen S
AD  - College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and 
      Green Development, Hebei University, 071002, China.
FAU - Liang, Shuxuan
AU  - Liang S
AD  - College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and 
      Green Development, Hebei University, 071002, China. Electronic address: 
      liangsx168@126.com.
FAU - Pang, Guofang
AU  - Pang G
AD  - College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and 
      Green Development, Hebei University, 071002, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection 
      and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China. Electronic address: ciqpang@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210617
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
JT  - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
JID - 7805381
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - China
MH  - Dietary Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Fruit/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - *Risk Assessment
MH  - Vegetables/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dietary risk assessment
OT  - Fruits
OT  - Highly toxic pesticides
OT  - Maximum residue limit
OT  - Vegetables
EDAT- 2021/06/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/13 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/19 20:25
PHST- 2021/03/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/19 20:25 [entrez]
AID - S0147-6513(21)00540-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112428 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Sep 15;221:112428. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112428. Epub 2021 Jun 17.