PMID- 34154555
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210625
LR  - 20210625
IS  - 1471-244X (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-244X (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jun 21
TI  - Self-reported burden of caregiver of adults with depression: a cross-sectional 
      study in five Western European countries.
PG  - 312
LID - 10.1186/s12888-021-03255-6 [doi]
LID - 312
AB  - BACKGROUND: Caregiving in depression imposes a complex health and economic 
      burden. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies examining the impact of 
      caregiving for adult relatives with unipolar depression (CG-UD). This study 
      assessed the burden among CG-UD in five western European (EUR5) countries 
      (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) compared with caregivers 
      of adults with other chronic comorbidities (CG-OD) and general non-caregiving 
      (non-CG) population. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted 
      using the 2016 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) in EUR5. Differences in 
      humanistic burden (health status and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) and 
      economic burden (work productivity and activity impairments, health care resource 
      utilization [HRU]) were assessed between CG-UD and CG-OD respondents. 
      Caregiver-specific burden (caregiving responsibilities and caregiver reaction 
      assessment [CRA]) was assessed between caregiver groups. Generalized linear 
      models were used to compare between the groups on the outcomes after adjusting 
      for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of the 77,418 survey respondents examined, 
      1380 identified as CG-UD, 6470 as CG-OD and 69,334 as non-CG. Compared to CG-OD 
      and non-CG, CG-UD, reported significantly lower health status (e.g., EuroQoL-5 
      Dimensions-5 Levels [EQ-5D-5L]: CG-UD = 0.63, CG-OD = 0.67, and non-CG = 0.73, 
      p < 0.001) and HRQoL (e.g., mental component score: CG-UD = 35.0, CG-OD = 37.8, 
      and non-CG = 40.7, p < 0.001). Although effect sizes were small (d < 0.2), 
      minimal clinically important differences (MCID) were apparent for HRQoL and 
      health status. Increased economic-related burden was observed for work and 
      activity impairment (e.g., absenteeism: CG-UD = 32.6%, CG-OD = 26.5%, and 
      non-CG = 14.8%, p < 0.001) and HRU (e.g., healthcare provider [HCP; mean, past 
      6 months]: CG-UD = 10.5, CG-OD = 8.6, and non-CG = 6.8, p < 0.001). 
      Caregiving-specific burden was associated with experiencing a greater lack of 
      family support (CG-UD: 2.9 vs CG-OD: 2.8, p < 0.01), impact on finances (CG-UD: 
      3.0 vs CG-OD: 2.9, p = 0.036), and on the caregiver's schedule (CG-UD: 3.1 vs 
      CG-OD: 3.0, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Caregivers of persons with chronic disease 
      experience an excess humanistic and economic burden compared to the general 
      population, with a greater burden confronting caregiver for adults with 
      depression. These findings illustrate the far-reaching burden of depression on 
      both the patient and the relatives who care for them.
FAU - Balkaran, B L
AU  - Balkaran BL
AD  - Kantar Health, New York, USA.
FAU - Jaffe, D H
AU  - Jaffe DH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5134-037X
AD  - Kantar Health, Ramat Gan, Israel. dena.jaffehirschfield@kantar.com.
FAU - Umuhire, D
AU  - Umuhire D
AD  - Janssen EMEA, Breda, Netherlands.
FAU - Rive, B
AU  - Rive B
AD  - Janssen EMEA, Paris, France.
FAU - Milz, R U
AU  - Milz RU
AD  - Janssen EMEA, Neuss, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210621
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Psychiatry
JT  - BMC psychiatry
JID - 100968559
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Caregivers
MH  - Cost of Illness
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Depression
MH  - France
MH  - Germany
MH  - Humans
MH  - Italy
MH  - *Quality of Life
MH  - Self Report
MH  - Spain
MH  - United Kingdom
PMC - PMC8215758
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Caregiver
OT  - Caregiver reaction assessment
OT  - Depression
OT  - Health status
OT  - Health-related quality of life
OT  - Healthcare resource utilization
OT  - Work productivity and activity impairment
COIS- BLB and DHJ are employees of Kantar Health. DU, BR, and RUM are employees of 
      Janssen-Cilag.
EDAT- 2021/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/29 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/21
CRDT- 2021/06/22 05:35
PHST- 2020/07/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/22 05:35 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12888-021-03255-6 [pii]
AID - 3255 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12888-021-03255-6 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 21;21(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03255-6.