PMID- 34155304
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211108
LR  - 20211108
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jun 21
TI  - Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic disease caused by elephant endotheliotropic 
      herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
PG  - 12998
LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8 [doi]
LID - 12998
AB  - Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is an acute 
      fatal disease in elephants. Despite the fact that the underlying pathogenesis of 
      EEHV-HD has been proposed, it remains undetermined as to what mechanisms drive 
      these hemorrhagic and edematous lesions. In the present study, we have 
      investigated and explained the pathogenesis of acute EEHV-HD using blood profiles 
      of EEHV-HD and EEHV-infected cases, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, special 
      stains, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 
      reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It was found that EEHV 
      genomes were predominantly detected in various internal organs of EEHV-HD cases. 
      Damage to endothelial cells, vasculitis and vascular thrombosis of the small 
      blood vessels were also predominantly observed. Increases in platelet endothelial 
      cell adhesion molecules-1 (PECAM-1)- and von Willebrand factor 
      (vWF)-immunolabeling positive cells were significantly noticed in injured blood 
      vessels. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was significantly 
      up-regulated in EEHV-HD cases when compared to EEHV-negative controls. We have 
      hypothesized that this could be attributed to the systemic inflammation and 
      disruption of small blood vessels, followed by the disseminated intravascular 
      coagulopathy that enhanced hemorrhagic and edematous lesions in EEHV-HD cases. 
      Our findings have brought attention to the potential application of effective 
      preventive and therapeutic protocols to treat EEHV infection in Asian elephants.
FAU - Guntawang, Thunyamas
AU  - Guntawang T
AD  - Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Sittisak, Tidaratt
AU  - Sittisak T
AD  - Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Kochagul, Varankpicha
AU  - Kochagul V
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai 
      University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Srivorakul, Saralee
AU  - Srivorakul S
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai 
      University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Photichai, Kornravee
AU  - Photichai K
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai 
      University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Boonsri, Kittikorn
AU  - Boonsri K
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai 
      University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Janyamethakul, Thittaya
AU  - Janyamethakul T
AD  - Patara Elephant Farm, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai, 50230, Thailand.
FAU - Boonprasert, Khajohnpat
AU  - Boonprasert K
AD  - Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, 
      Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Langkaphin, Warangkhana
AU  - Langkaphin W
AD  - National Elephant Institute, Forest Industry Organization, Lampang, 52190, 
      Thailand.
FAU - Thitaram, Chatchote
AU  - Thitaram C
AD  - Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, 
      Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
AD  - Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Pringproa, Kidsadagon
AU  - Pringproa K
AD  - Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. 
      kidsadagon.p@cmu.ac.th.
AD  - Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, 
      Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. kidsadagon.p@cmu.ac.th.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210621
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Blood Coagulation Factors)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Diseases/*diagnosis/*etiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Blood Coagulation
MH  - Blood Coagulation Factors
MH  - Blood Coagulation Tests
MH  - Capillary Permeability
MH  - Cytokines/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - *Elephants
MH  - Hemorrhage/*diagnosis/*etiology
MH  - Herpesviridae/*physiology
MH  - Herpesviridae Infections/*veterinary
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Models, Biological
PMC - PMC8217522
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/09 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/21
CRDT- 2021/06/22 06:22
PHST- 2021/03/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8 [pii]
AID - 92393 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 21;11(1):12998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8.