PMID- 34157056
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211117
LR  - 20211117
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021
TI  - Development of a social contact self-efficacy scale for 'third agers' in Japan.
PG  - e0253652
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0253652 [doi]
LID - e0253652
AB  - BACKGROUND: "Third agers" are people over retirement age in relatively good 
      health; third agers make up an increasing percentage of the global population as 
      the world's longevity increases. Therefore, the challenge of prolonging a healthy 
      third age and shortening the unhealthy period during the "fourth age" in the 
      global health and social contexts is important in this process. However, no means 
      to measure and support this has been developed as yet. We developed the Social 
      Contact Self-Efficacy Scale for Third Agers (SET) and evaluated its reliability 
      and validity. METHODS: We used a self-administered mail survey covering 2,600 
      randomly selected independent older adults living in Yokohama, Japan. The 
      construct validity of the SET was determined using exploratory factor and 
      confirmatory factor analyses. Its criterion-related validity was assessed using 
      the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Japan Science and Technology Agency 
      Index of Competence (JST-IC), and subjective health status. RESULTS: In total, 
      1,139 older adults provided responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor 
      analyses identified eight items within two factors: social space mobility and 
      social support relationship. The final model had a Cronbach's alpha 0.834, 
      goodness-of-fit index 0.976, adjusted goodness-of-fit index 0.955, comparative 
      fit index 0.982, and root mean square error of approximation 0.050. There was 
      good correlation between scale scores and the GSES (r = 0.552, p < 0.001), JST-IC 
      (r = 0.495, p < 0.001) and subjective health status (r = 0.361, p < 0.001). 
      CONCLUSIONS: The SET showed sufficient reliability and validity to assess 
      self-efficacy in promoting social contact among third agers. This scale may help 
      third agers in gaining and expanding opportunities for social contact, which can 
      improve their physical health and quality of life and contribute to care 
      prevention and healthy longevity.
FAU - Oki, Moemi
AU  - Oki M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0221-9439
AD  - Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 
      City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
FAU - Tadaka, Etsuko
AU  - Tadaka E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4001-5018
AD  - Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate 
      School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210622
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Japan
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - *Quality of Life
MH  - *Self Efficacy
MH  - *Social Environment
MH  - *Social Support
PMC - PMC8219158
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/18 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/22
CRDT- 2021/06/22 17:20
PHST- 2021/01/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/22 17:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-01370 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0253652 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Jun 22;16(6):e0253652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253652. 
      eCollection 2021.