PMID- 34159000
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210624
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 May 17
TI  - Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor-Induced Eczematous Eruption: A Report of Two 
      Cases and Review of the Literature.
PG  - e15078
LID - 10.7759/cureus.15078 [doi]
LID - e15078
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors are frequently used for the 
      management of type 1 helper T-cell (Th1) immune-mediated chronic inflammatory 
      conditions such as psoriasis and Crohn's disease. Although TNF-alpha inhibitors are 
      usually well-tolerated, various cutaneous side effects are frequently observed, 
      including eczematous or atopic dermatitis-like eruptions. It is postulated that 
      the attenuation of the Th1 immune pathway with TNF-alpha inhibition causes a shift 
      towards a type 2 helper T-cell (Th2) immune response, leading to the development 
      of skin lesions grossly and histologically consistent with the Th2 mediated 
      disease atopic dermatitis. Herein, we describe the development of an eczematous 
      eruption in two patients with a history of Th1-mediated disease after months of 
      therapy with a TNF-alpha inhibitor.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021, Pagan-Leon et al.
FAU - Pagan-Leon, Sohemi
AU  - Pagan-Leon S
AD  - Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, USA.
FAU - Werbel, Tyler
AU  - Werbel T
AD  - Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
FAU - Montanez-Wiscovich, Marjorie
AU  - Montanez-Wiscovich M
AD  - Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20210517
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC8212857
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - atopic dermatitis
OT  - eczematous eruption
OT  - phenotype switch
OT  - th1
OT  - th2
OT  - tnf
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/06/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/24 06:01
PMCR- 2021/05/17
CRDT- 2021/06/23 07:21
PHST- 2021/06/23 07:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.15078 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2021 May 17;13(5):e15078. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15078.