PMID- 34162061
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220424
IS  - 1545-1569 (Electronic)
IS  - 1055-6656 (Linking)
VI  - 55
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jan
TI  - Academic Achievement Among Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts : A 
      Population-Based Study.
PG  - 12-20
LID - 10.1177/1055665617718823 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Children with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may experience poor reading 
      proficiency, learning disabilities, and academic underachievement. We examined 
      the association between nonsyndromic (NS) OFCs and end-of-grade (EOG) performance 
      in reading and math from third through eighth grade in a sample subgroup. 
      PARTICIPANTS: We identified a cohort of 559 children with NS-OFCs and 6822 
      children without birth defects, classifying cleft type by cleft lip alone, with 
      or without cleft alveolar ridge (CL); cleft lip with cleft palate (CL+P); and 
      cleft palate only (CP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using logistic regression, we 
      estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards among children with 
      NS-OFCs compared to unaffected peers. Using longitudinal analyses, we estimated 
      the odds of not meeting grade-level standards and average change in test scores 
      through eighth grade. RESULTS: Children with NS-OFCs were 1.22 (95% CI: 0.96, 
      1.83) times as likely not to meet grade-level standards in reading compared to 
      unaffected peers. The effect was similar for math (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.48). 
      Children with CL+P were 1.33 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.83) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.56) 
      times as likely not to meet grade-level standard in reading and in both subjects, 
      respectively, compared to unaffected peers. The average rate of change in both 
      scores was similar for children with and without OFCs. CONCLUSIONS: Poor academic 
      performance appears greatest for children with CL+P, a finding compatible with 
      previous observations and hypothesized mechanisms associating orofacial clefts 
      with subtle abnormalities in brain development. Academic performance monitoring 
      and referral for academic assistance is warranted.
FAU - Watkins, Stephanie E
AU  - Watkins SE
AD  - Women's and Children's Health Section, Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, 
      USA.
FAU - Meyer, Robert E
AU  - Meyer RE
AD  - Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Division of Public Health, State Center for 
      Health Statistics, Raleigh, NC, USA.
FAU - Aylsworth, Arthur S
AU  - Aylsworth AS
AD  - Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel 
      Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
FAU - Marcus, Jeffrey R
AU  - Marcus JR
AD  - Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, 
      NC, USA.
FAU - Allori, Alexander C
AU  - Allori AC
AD  - Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, 
      NC, USA.
FAU - Pimenta, Luiz
AU  - Pimenta L
AD  - School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
      NC, USA.
FAU - Lipinski, Robert J
AU  - Lipinski RJ
AD  - Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 
      WI, USA.
FAU - Strauss, Ronald P
AU  - Strauss RP
AD  - School of Dentistry and Office of the Provost, University of North Carolina at 
      Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171215
PL  - United States
TA  - Cleft Palate Craniofac J
JT  - The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American 
      Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
JID - 9102566
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - academic achievement
OT  - nonsyndromic orofacial clefts
OT  - school performance
EDAT- 2018/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2018/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 2021/06/24 01:00
PHST- 2021/06/24 01:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1177/1055665617718823 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2018 Jan;55(1):12-20. doi: 10.1177/1055665617718823. 
      Epub 2017 Dec 15.