PMID- 34169674
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220404
LR  - 20220405
IS  - 1942-7611 (Electronic)
IS  - 1942-7603 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Mar
TI  - Determination of the enantiomeric composition of amphetamine, methamphetamine and 
      3,4-methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) in seized street drug samples from 
      southern Germany.
PG  - 557-566
LID - 10.1002/dta.3118 [doi]
AB  - Amphetamine (speed), methamphetamine (crystal meth), and 
      3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) represent the most 
      frequently abused amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). Differences in 
      pharmacological potency and metabolism have been shown for the enantiomers of all 
      three stimulants. Legal consequences in cases of drug possession may also differ 
      according to the German law depending on the enantiomeric composition of the 
      seized drug. Therefore, enantioselective monitoring of seized specimens is 
      crucial for legal and forensic casework. Various kinds of samples of amphetamine 
      (n = 143), MDMA (n = 94), and methamphetamine (n = 528) that were seized in 
      southern Germany in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed for their chiral composition 
      using different chromatographic methods. Whereas all samples of amphetamine and 
      MDMA were racemic mixtures, the chiral composition of the methamphetamine 
      specimens was diverse. Although the vast majority (n = 502) was present as 
      (S)-methamphetamine, also specimens containing pure (R)-methamphetamine (n = 7) 
      were found. Furthermore, few samples (n = 8) were of racemic nature or contained 
      non-racemic mixtures of both enantiomers (n = 10). Because methamphetamine 
      appears in varying enantiomeric compositions, any seizure should be analyzed 
      using an enantioselective method. Amphetamine and MDMA, on the other hand, 
      currently appear to be synthesized exclusively via racemic pathways and are not 
      chirally purified. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of the chiral composition 
      should be ensured.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Losacker, Moritz
AU  - Losacker M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8880-1512
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Johannes 
      Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Zorntlein, Siegfried
AU  - Zorntlein S
AD  - Forensic Science Institute, Dez. 33 Chemistry/Toxicology, State Office of 
      Criminal Investigation Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Schwarze, Bernd
AU  - Schwarze B
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 
      Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Staudt, Svenja
AU  - Staudt S
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 
      Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Rohrich, Jorg
AU  - Rohrich J
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Johannes 
      Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Hess, Cornelius
AU  - Hess C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8405-4417
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Johannes 
      Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210701
PL  - England
TA  - Drug Test Anal
JT  - Drug testing and analysis
JID - 101483449
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine/chemistry
MH  - *Illicit Drugs
MH  - *Methamphetamine/chemistry
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/chemistry
MH  - Stereoisomerism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - amphetamines
OT  - chiral chromatography
OT  - enantiomers
OT  - forensic toxicology
OT  - seizures
EDAT- 2021/06/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/05 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/25 07:17
PHST- 2021/06/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/25 07:17 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/dta.3118 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Test Anal. 2022 Mar;14(3):557-566. doi: 10.1002/dta.3118. Epub 2021 Jul 1.