PMID- 34177024
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221221
IS  - 0190-7409 (Print)
IS  - 0190-7409 (Electronic)
IS  - 0190-7409 (Linking)
VI  - 128
DP  - 2021 Sep
TI  - Do malnutrition, pre-existing morbidities, and poor household environmental 
      conditions aggravate susceptibility to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)? A study on 
      under-five children in India.
PG  - 105962
LID - 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105962 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-nCoV) outbreak, caused by 
      severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become the 
      worst serious global risk to humanity in the last century and linked with various 
      risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To find out the risk zone associated with Coronavirus 
      disease among children under-five age using malnourished status, pre-existing 
      morbidity conditions, poor household environmental conditions, and also with case 
      fatality rate (CFR) and active case rate (ACR) of COVID-19 in India. DATA SOURCES 
      & METHODS: Data was collected from the 4th round of the National Family Health 
      Survey (NFHS)-4, 2015-16, and CFR and ACR of COVID-19 related data collected from 
      the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) on 18th May 2020. Mean, 
      standard deviation, and Z-score statistical methods have been employed to 
      identify the risk factors zone and Hot Spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi) has been 
      done. RESULTS: The states and union territories (UTs) which have a high composite 
      vulnerability score (CVS) of COVID-19 among under-five children are in Meghalaya 
      (CVS = 1), Uttar Pradesh (CVS = 0.93), Jharkhand (CVS = 0.86), Bihar 
      (CVS = 0.74), Madhya Pradesh (CVS = 0.74), and Odisha (CVS = 0.55). The states 
      and UTs which have low composite vulnerability score of COVID-19 among under-five 
      children are in Sikkim (CVS = -0.90), Daman & Diu (CVS = -0.76) Lakshadweep 
      (CVS = -0.74), Kerala (CVS = -0.72), Chandigarh (CVS = -0.71). The COVID-19 
      high-risk zones (hot spot: 99% Confidence interval [CI]) were observed in Madhya 
      Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, and Meghalaya states of India, which 
      are spatially high clustered and the low-risk zones (cold spot: 95% CI) were 
      observed in Kerala, Mizoram states of India. CONCLUSIONS: Well-built public 
      health measures, including rapidly searching in high focus areas and testing of 
      COVID-19, should be performed in vulnerable regions of COVID-19.
CI  - (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Saha, Jay
AU  - Saha J
AD  - Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732101, West 
      Bengal, India.
FAU - Chouhan, Pradip
AU  - Chouhan P
AD  - Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732101, West 
      Bengal, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210623
PL  - England
TA  - Child Youth Serv Rev
JT  - Children and youth services review
JID - 8110100
PMC - PMC8220865
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ACR
OT  - CFR
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - Hot spot
OT  - India
OT  - Malnutrition
OT  - Morbidity
OT  - Risk factor
OT  - Under-five children
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2021/06/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/06/23
CRDT- 2021/06/28 05:46
PHST- 2020/05/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/28 05:46 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0190-7409(21)00041-4 [pii]
AID - 105962 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105962 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Child Youth Serv Rev. 2021 Sep;128:105962. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105962. 
      Epub 2021 Jun 23.