PMID- 34178211
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210706
LR  - 20220424
IS  - 1937-8688 (Electronic)
VI  - 38
DP  - 2021
TI  - Clinical and biochemical correlates of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus.
PG  - 292
LID - 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.292.25719 [doi]
LID - 292
AB  - INTRODUCTION: there is an association between hypogonadism and obesity, chronic 
      hyperglycaemia, and ageing in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is 
      known to be associated with low testosterone. There is a paucity of data on the 
      risk factors of hypogonadism in Nigerian men with T2DM. The objective of this 
      study was to determine the clinical and biochemical correlates of hypogonadism 
      and clinical predictors of low total testosterone levels in men with T2DM. 
      METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study consisting of 358 men with T2DM and 179 
      non-diabetic men (controls). Structured Androgen Deficiency in the Ageing Male 
      questionnaire was administered. Clinical and biochemical parameters were 
      measured. Free testosterone was calculated from albumin, SHBG and total 
      testosterone using Vermeulen s method. Hypogonadism was defined as fasting TT as 
      < 8 nmol/L with or without symptoms or TT of 8-12 nmol/L with symptoms of 
      androgen deficiency. Low testosterone was defined as serum total testosterone 
      levels </= 12 nmol/L. RESULTS: the mean (+/-SD) total testosterone of men with T2DM 
      and controls were 8.79+/-3.35 nmol/L and 15.41+/-3.79 nmol/L respectively (p < 
      0.001). The risk of hypogonadism was associated with central obesity (Odds ratio 
      [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-13.07), systolic hypertension (OR 
      3.93, 95% CI 0.67-23.10), hyperglycaemia (OR 2.48, 95% CI 0.37-16.46) and 
      hypercholesterolaemia (OR 2.50, 95% CI 0.43-14.61). In a multivariable regression 
      analysis, there was a significant negative correlation between total testosterone 
      and triglycerides (r -1.85, 95% CI -3.58 - 0.12, P = 0.04) and HDL cholesterol (r 
      -1.25, 95% CI -5.95-3.45, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: this study shows that in men 
      with T2DM, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol are independent correlates of 
      hypogonadism but not central adiposity, systolic blood pressure and glycaemia. 
      Further large prospective studies are recommended.
CI  - Copyright: Ezekiel Musa et al.
FAU - Musa, Ezekiel
AU  - Musa E
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, 
      Nigeria.
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape 
      Town, South Africa.
FAU - El-Bashir, Jibril Mohammed
AU  - El-Bashir JM
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Sani-Bello, Fatima
AU  - Sani-Bello F
AD  - Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
FAU - Bakari, Adamu Girei
AU  - Bakari AG
AD  - Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210319
PL  - Uganda
TA  - Pan Afr Med J
JT  - The Pan African medical journal
JID - 101517926
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aging
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Cholesterol, HDL/blood
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypogonadism/epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/*complications
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Testosterone/*blood
MH  - Triglycerides/blood
PMC - PMC8197040
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - hypogonadism
OT  - testicular volume
OT  - total testosterone
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/06/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/07 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/19
CRDT- 2021/06/28 05:58
PHST- 2020/08/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/28 05:58 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PAMJ-38-292 [pii]
AID - 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.292.25719 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Mar 19;38:292. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.292.25719. 
      eCollection 2021.