PMID- 34180991
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211214
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1944-7922 (Electronic)
IS  - 1060-3271 (Linking)
VI  - 104
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Dec 11
TI  - Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of 
      Chocolates Marketed in Iran as an Alternative Method for Identification of Cocoa 
      Butter Adulteration.
PG  - 1479-1484
LID - 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab086 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cocoa butter (CB), an expensive product containing a specific 
      triacylglycerol (TAG)composition, is often the object of economic adulteration. 
      OBJECTIVE: The present study investigates the detection and quantification of 
      cocoa butter substitutes (CBS) using differential scanning calorimetry. METHOD: 
      CBS was mixed with CB (from 0 to 100%) as standard samples and analyzed using 
      differential scanning calorimetry and gas chromatography to evaluate the thermal 
      characteristics and fatty acid composition respectively. RESULTS: Increasing the 
      ratio of CBS/CB changed the thermal parameters and fatty acid profiles 
      significantly. For quantification of CBS in commercial samples, medium melting 
      fraction temperature (TMMFvia r2 = 0.922) and melting enthalpy (DeltaHfvia r2 = 
      0.972) were successfully used to quantify the value of CBS in the samples 
      suspected of being fraudulent. According to the results, all of the thermal 
      parameters increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing ratio of CBS/CB. It 
      can be attributed to the presence of saturated fatty acids (C12-C22) in CBS which 
      increases TLMF. CONCLUSIONS: The promising results of the present study could be 
      used as a tool for the fast identification of adulteration and quantification of 
      CBS in chocolate compositions. HIGHLIGHTS: Differential scanning calorimetry 
      methods has been developed for identification of CB adulteration. CBS 
      adulteration was detected in CB and also in commercial chocolate samples.
CI  - (c) AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2021. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: 
      journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Khaleghi Yazdi, Tahereh
AU  - Khaleghi Yazdi T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0292-5034
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Tabriz, Iran.
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of 
      Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Afshar Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza
AU  - Afshar Mogaddam MR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1144-4523
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Food and Drug Safety Research Center, 
      Tabriz, Iran.
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, 
      Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Mousazadeh, Morad
AU  - Mousazadeh M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8024-0607
AD  - University of Tehran, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, 
      Department of Food Science, Engineering & Technology, PO Box 4111, Karaj 
      31587-77871, Iran.
FAU - Monajjemzadeh, Farnaz
AU  - Monajjemzadeh F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3209-0122
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Food and Drug Safety Research Center, 
      Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Tamizi, Elnaz
AU  - Tamizi E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1155-8232
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Food and Drug Safety Research Center, 
      Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Nemati, Mahboob
AU  - Nemati M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0458-0025
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Food and Drug Safety Research Center, 
      Tabriz, Iran.
AD  - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, 
      Iran.
AD  - Iran Food and Drug Administration, Halal Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
LA  - eng
GR  - 58267/Research Council of the Tabriz University of Medical Science/
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J AOAC Int
JT  - Journal of AOAC International
JID - 9215446
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 512OYT1CRR (cocoa butter)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cacao
MH  - Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
MH  - *Chocolate
MH  - Dietary Fats/analysis
MH  - Fatty Acids
MH  - Iran
EDAT- 2021/06/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/06/28 12:24
PHST- 2021/04/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/28 12:24 [entrez]
AID - 6310746 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab086 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J AOAC Int. 2021 Dec 11;104(6):1479-1484. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab086.