PMID- 34188128
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210930
LR  - 20240402
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jun 29
TI  - Mining chemical information in Swedish wastewaters for simultaneous assessment of 
      population consumption, treatment efficiency and environmental discharge of 
      illicit drugs.
PG  - 13510
LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-92915-4 [doi]
LID - 13510
AB  - Consumption of illicit drugs poses health risks to the public and environment. 
      Knowledge on their usage helps better implementations of intervention strategies 
      to reduce drug-related harms in the society and also policies to limit their 
      releases as emerging contaminants to recipient environments. This study aimed to 
      investigate from the daily consumption to treatment efficiency and subsequent 
      discharge of illicit drugs by the Swedish urban populations based on simultaneous 
      collection and analysis of influent and effluent wastewater. Two different weekly 
      monitoring campaigns showed similar drug prevalence in Stockholm and Uppsala, 
      with amphetamine as the most popular drug. Almost all target drug residues were 
      still measurable in effluent wastewater. High removal efficiencies (> 94%) were 
      observed for amphetamine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine, whereas ketamine, 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), mephedrone and methamphetamine were the 
      least removed substances (< 64%), with the highest discharge observed for MDMA in 
      both catchments (~ 3.0 g/day in Uppsala; ~ 18 g/day in Stockholm). Our study 
      provides new insights into short-term changes in the use and related discharge of 
      illicit drugs by urban populations. Such wastewater monitoring can provide useful 
      information to public health, forensic and environmental authorities in planning 
      future intervention and regulation policies.
FAU - Haalck, Inga
AU  - Haalck I
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Loffler, Paul
AU  - Loffler P
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Baduel, Christine
AU  - Baduel C
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
AD  - University Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France.
FAU - Wiberg, Karin
AU  - Wiberg K
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Ahrens, Lutz
AU  - Ahrens L
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Lai, Foon Yin
AU  - Lai FY
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden. foonyin.lai@slu.se.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210629
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC8241857
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/01 06:01
PMCR- 2021/06/29
CRDT- 2021/06/30 06:17
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/06/30 06:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-92915-4 [pii]
AID - 92915 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-92915-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 29;11(1):13510. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92915-4.