PMID- 34201201
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210710
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Jun 8
TI  - Changes of Plasma Analytes Reflecting Metabolic Adaptation to the Different 
      Stages of the Lactation Cycle in Healthy Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cows Raised 
      in High-Welfare Conditions.
LID - 10.3390/ani11061714 [doi]
LID - 1714
AB  - Here, we tested the changes occurring in several plasma analytes during different 
      stages of the lactation cycle of high welfare raised multiparous Holstein cows, 
      and provided reference intervals (RI) for plasma analytes concentrations. Eleven 
      high-welfare farms (HWF) located in Northern Italy were selected and their herds 
      used to recruit 361 clinically healthy cows undergoing the dry (from -30 to -10 
      days from real calving; DFC), the postpartum (from 3 to 7 DFC), the early 
      lactation (from 28 to 45 DFC) and the late lactation phases (from 160 to 305 
      DFC). Cows affected by subclinical diseases (SCD) were retrospectively excluded, 
      and a subset of 285 cows was selected. Data of plasma analytes underwent ANOVA 
      testing using physiological phases as predictors. The individual effect of each 
      phase was assessed using a pairwise t-test assuming p </= 0.05 as a significance 
      limit. A bootstrap approach was used to define the reference interval (RI) for 
      each blood analyte within physiological phases having a pairwise t-test p </= 0.05. 
      The concentration of nonesterified fatty acids, albumin, cholesterol, retinol, 
      paraoxonase and tocopherol changed throughout all the physiological phases, 
      whereas the concentration of K, alkaline phosphatase and thiol groups remained 
      stable. Triglycerides, Zn, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power in the dry 
      phase and BHB, Ca, myeloperoxidase, haptoglobin, reactive oxygen metabolites and 
      advanced oxidation of protein product in postpartum differed compared with other 
      physiological phases. During the dry phase, Packed cell volume, Cl, and urea 
      concentrations were similar to during the postpartum phase. Similarly, Na, 
      gamma-glutamyl transferase and beta-carotene concentrations were similar to during the 
      early lactation phase; fructosamine and bilirubin concentrations were similar to 
      during the late lactation phase. During the postpartum phase, fructosamine and P 
      concentrations were similar to during the early lactation phase, and the 
      aspartate transaminase concentration was similar to during the late lactation 
      phase. During the early lactation phase, Mg, creatinine, total protein, globulin 
      and ceruloplasmin concentrations were similar to during the postpartum phase, 
      while the urea concentration was similar to during the late lactation phase. All 
      these plasma analytes differed among the other phases. This study identifies 
      physiological trends affecting plasma analytes concentrations during the 
      different stages of the lactation cycle and provides a guideline for the duration 
      and magnitude of their changes when animals are healthy and raised in optimal 
      welfare conditions.
FAU - Premi, Michele
AU  - Premi M
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
FAU - Mezzetti, Matteo
AU  - Mezzetti M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6554-0022
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
FAU - Ferronato, Giulia
AU  - Ferronato G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9153-8540
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
FAU - Barbato, Mario
AU  - Barbato M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7203-1549
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
FAU - Piccioli Cappelli, Fiorenzo
AU  - Piccioli Cappelli F
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
FAU - Minuti, Andrea
AU  - Minuti A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0617-6571
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
FAU - Trevisi, Erminio
AU  - Trevisi E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1644-1911
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze 
      Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 
      Piacenza, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210608
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC8226749
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - healthy reference individuals
OT  - high-welfare farm
OT  - metabolic profile
OT  - subclinical disorders
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/03 06:01
PMCR- 2021/06/08
CRDT- 2021/07/02 01:10
PHST- 2021/03/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/02 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani11061714 [pii]
AID - animals-11-01714 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani11061714 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 8;11(6):1714. doi: 10.3390/ani11061714.