PMID- 34202236
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210803
LR  - 20210803
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 13
DP  - 2021 Jun 25
TI  - Commercial Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) from the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon 
      as Hotspots of Microplastic Accumulation in the Digestive System.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18136844 [doi]
LID - 6844
AB  - This paper presents the results on the presence and characterization of 
      microplastics (MP) in the gastrointestinal tract of gilthead seabream (Sparus 
      aurata L.), a species of commercial interest from the Mar Menor coastal lagoon in 
      Southeast Spain. This is the first time that microplastic ingestion is recorded 
      in any species from this semi-enclosed bay. Stomach and intestine from a total of 
      17 specimens captured by local fishermen were processed, and microplastic 
      particles and fibers found in all of them were displayed. Overall, 40.32% 
      (279/692) of total isolated microparticles proved to be microplastics; i.e., <5 
      mm, as identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The average value by fish was 20.11 +/- 
      2.94 MP kg(-1), corresponding to average concentrations of 3912.06 +/- 791.24 and 
      1562.17 +/- 402.04 MP by kg stomach and intestine, respectively. Four MP forms were 
      isolated: fiber (71.68%), fragment (21.15%), film (6.81%), and microbead (0.36%), 
      with sizes ranging from 91 microm to 5 mm, an average of 0.83 +/- 0.04 mm, and no 
      statistically significant differences between mean sizes in stomach and intestine 
      samples (F-test = 0.004; p = 0.936). Nine polymer types were detected, although 
      most of fibers remained unidentified because of their small size, the presence of 
      polymer additives, or closely adhered pollutants despite the oxidizing digestion 
      carried out to eliminate organic matter. No significant correlation was found 
      between main biological parameters and ingested microplastics, and high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene polypropylene 
      (PEP), and polyvinyl (PV) were identified as the most abundant polymers. The 
      average microplastic ingestion in this study area was higher than those reported 
      in most studies within the Mediterranean Sea, and closely related to microplastic 
      pollution in the surrounding area, although with a predominance of fiber form 
      mainly due to fishery activities.
FAU - Bayo, Javier
AU  - Bayo J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6975-4316
AD  - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of 
      Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain.
FAU - Rojo, Dolores
AU  - Rojo D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6543-131X
AD  - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of 
      Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain.
FAU - Martinez-Banos, Pedro
AU  - Martinez-Banos P
AD  - C&C MedioAmbiente, E-30204 Cartagena, Spain.
FAU - Lopez-Castellanos, Joaquin
AU  - Lopez-Castellanos J
AD  - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of 
      Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain.
FAU - Olmos, Sonia
AU  - Olmos S
AD  - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of 
      Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210625
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract
MH  - Mediterranean Sea
MH  - Microplastics
MH  - Plastics
MH  - *Sea Bream
MH  - Spain
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
PMC - PMC8297190
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Mar Menor
OT  - fish
OT  - gilthead seabream
OT  - ingestion
OT  - marine pollution
OT  - microplastic
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/04 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/25
CRDT- 2021/07/02 01:13
PHST- 2021/05/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/02 01:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18136844 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-06844 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18136844 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 25;18(13):6844. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18136844.