PMID- 34203578
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210706
LR  - 20231107
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Jun 15
TI  - Analysis of Default Mode Network in Social Anxiety Disorder: EEG Resting-State 
      Effective Connectivity Study.
LID - 10.3390/s21124098 [doi]
LID - 4098
AB  - Recent brain imaging findings by using different methods (e.g., fMRI and PET) 
      have suggested that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is correlated with alterations 
      in regional or network-level brain function. However, due to many limitations 
      associated with these methods, such as poor temporal resolution and limited 
      number of samples per second, neuroscientists could not quantify the fast dynamic 
      connectivity of causal information networks in SAD. In this study, SAD-related 
      changes in brain connections within the default mode network (DMN) were 
      investigated using eight electroencephalographic (EEG) regions of interest. 
      Partial directed coherence (PDC) was used to assess the causal influences of DMN 
      regions on each other and indicate the changes in the DMN effective network 
      related to SAD severity. The DMN is a large-scale brain network basically 
      composed of the mesial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex 
      (PCC)/precuneus, and lateral parietal cortex (LPC). The EEG data were collected 
      from 88 subjects (22 control, 22 mild, 22 moderate, 22 severe) and used to 
      estimate the effective connectivity between DMN regions at different frequency 
      bands: delta (1-3 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), low beta (13-21 Hz), and 
      high beta (22-30 Hz). Among the healthy control (HC) and the three considered 
      levels of severity of SAD, the results indicated a higher level of causal 
      interactions for the mild and moderate SAD groups than for the severe and HC 
      groups. Between the control and the severe SAD groups, the results indicated a 
      higher level of causal connections for the control throughout all the DMN 
      regions. We found significant increases in the mean PDC in the delta (p = 0.009) 
      and alpha (p = 0.001) bands between the SAD groups. Among the DMN regions, the 
      precuneus exhibited a higher level of causal influence than other regions. 
      Therefore, it was suggested to be a major source hub that contributes to the 
      mental exploration and emotional content of SAD. In contrast to the severe group, 
      HC exhibited higher resting-state connectivity at the mPFC, providing evidence 
      for mPFC dysfunction in the severe SAD group. Furthermore, the total Social 
      Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) was positively correlated with the mean values 
      of the PDC of the severe SAD group, r (22) = 0.576, p = 0.006 and negatively 
      correlated with those of the HC group, r (22) = -0.689, p = 0.001. The reported 
      results may facilitate greater comprehension of the underlying potential SAD 
      neural biomarkers and can be used to characterize possible targets for further 
      medication.
FAU - Al-Ezzi, Abdulhakim
AU  - Al-Ezzi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1627-2994
AD  - Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of 
      Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri 
      Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.
FAU - Kamel, Nidal
AU  - Kamel N
AD  - Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of 
      Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri 
      Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.
FAU - Faye, Ibrahima
AU  - Faye I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7777-1119
AD  - Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of 
      Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri 
      Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.
FAU - Gunaseli, Esther
AU  - Gunaseli E
AD  - Psychiatry Discipline Sub Unit, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine 
      Perak, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
GR  - 015MA0.050/Universiti Teknologi Petronas/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210615
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
MH  - Brain
MH  - Brain Mapping
MH  - Default Mode Network
MH  - Electroencephalography
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Nerve Net
MH  - *Phobia, Social
PMC - PMC8232236
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Granger causality (GC)
OT  - default mode network (DMN)
OT  - effective connectivity network
OT  - electrophysiological biomarkers (EEG)
OT  - partial directed coherence (PDC)
OT  - resting state network (RSN)
OT  - social anxiety disorder (SAD)
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/07 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/15
CRDT- 2021/07/02 01:17
PHST- 2021/02/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/02 01:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s21124098 [pii]
AID - sensors-21-04098 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s21124098 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 15;21(12):4098. doi: 10.3390/s21124098.