PMID- 34204146
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210923
LR  - 20210923
IS  - 2218-273X (Electronic)
IS  - 2218-273X (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Jun 6
TI  - Chemokines in Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs).
LID - 10.3390/biom11060847 [doi]
LID - 847
AB  - Although the incidence of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) to 
      medications is very low, SCARs can result in disability or even death if they are 
      not diagnosed and treated properly. As the rapid recognition of SCARs is 
      essential, it is necessary to develop diagnostic markers for them that can also 
      be used to assess severity and predict outcomes in the early phase. In addition, 
      it is important to identify novel therapeutic targets for SCARs. Chemokines are 
      chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and locations of immune 
      cells and usually exhibit markedly specific associations with certain human 
      diseases. In Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), the 
      Th1-associated chemokines chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and CXCL10 
      predominate, while in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction 
      with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), the levels of the Th2-associated 
      chemokines chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) and CCL22 are markedly 
      elevated. We suggest that the distinct chemokine profiles of SJS/TEN and 
      DIHS/DRESS can be used to aid their differential diagnosis. CXCL10 has also been 
      reported to be associated with the development of long-term sequelae in 
      DIHS/DRESS. This review focuses on the chemokines involved in the pathogenesis 
      and adjuvant diagnosis of SCARs, particularly SJS/TEN and DIHS/DRESS, but also 
      provides a brief overview of SCARs and the chemokine superfamily. As it is being 
      increasingly recognized that an association exists between human herpesvirus 6 
      (HHV-6) and DIHS/DRESS, the possible roles of the chemokine/chemokine receptor 
      homologs encoded by HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of DIHS/DRESS are also discussed.
FAU - Miyagawa, Fumi
AU  - Miyagawa F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2030-6969
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, 
      Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
FAU - Asada, Hideo
AU  - Asada H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1971-9835
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, 
      Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210606
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomolecules
JT  - Biomolecules
JID - 101596414
RN  - 0 (Chemokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chemokines/*metabolism
MH  - Cicatrix/*metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Skin/*metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/metabolism/pathology
PMC - PMC8228887
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HHV-6
OT  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome
OT  - chemokine
OT  - chemokine mimicry
OT  - drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced 
      hypersensitivity syndrome
OT  - severe cutaneous adverse reactions
OT  - toxic epidermal necrolysis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/24 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/06
CRDT- 2021/07/02 01:19
PHST- 2021/05/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/02 01:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biom11060847 [pii]
AID - biomolecules-11-00847 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biom11060847 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomolecules. 2021 Jun 6;11(6):847. doi: 10.3390/biom11060847.