PMID- 34205319
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210728
LR  - 20240226
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Jun 19
TI  - Potential Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Renal Acanthamoebiasis.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22126583 [doi]
LID - 6583
AB  - Recent studies indicate that Acanthamoeba spp. may play a significant role in 
      kidney dysfunction. The aim of the study was to examine the levels of kidney 
      injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and 
      monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), as well as an activity of matrix 
      metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) in the kidneys of 
      immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. The 
      levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent 
      assay (ELISA), and the activity of MMPs was determined by gelatin zymography. The 
      elevated KIM-1 level was found in the kidneys of immunocompetent mice at the 
      beginning of Acanthamoeba spp. infection. In the immunosuppressed mice, the KIM-1 
      level was statistically different. The statistically decreased NGAL level was 
      found in the kidneys of immunocompetent mice compared to the uninfected mice. In 
      the immunocompromised mice, we found statistically significant differences in 
      MCP-1 levels between the uninfected and infected groups. There was an increase in 
      the expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the kidneys of immunocompetent and 
      immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. compared to the uninfected 
      mice. The results indicate that KIM-1, NGAL, MCP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/NGAL 
      might be promising biomarkers of renal acanthamoebiasis.
FAU - Kot, Karolina
AU  - Kot K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0051-2295
AD  - Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in 
      Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
FAU - Kupnicka, Patrycja
AU  - Kupnicka P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0756-6483
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University 
      in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
FAU - Witulska, Oliwia
AU  - Witulska O
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2904-2311
AD  - Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in 
      Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
FAU - Czepan, Aleksandra
AU  - Czepan A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6865-6848
AD  - Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in 
      Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
FAU - Lanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia Agnieszka
AU  - Lanocha-Arendarczyk NA
AD  - Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in 
      Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
FAU - Lanocha, Aleksandra Anna
AU  - Lanocha AA
AD  - Department of Haematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in 
      Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
FAU - Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Izabela
AU  - Kosik-Bogacka DI
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3796-5493
AD  - Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in 
      Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210619
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Ccl2 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Havcr1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1)
RN  - 0 (Lipocalin-2)
RN  - 126469-30-5 (Lcn2 protein, mouse)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.24 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 2)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.24 (Mmp2 protein, mouse)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (Mmp9 protein, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acanthamoeba
MH  - Amebiasis/diagnosis/*metabolism/parasitology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/*metabolism
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
MH  - Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1/metabolism
MH  - Kidney Diseases/diagnosis/*metabolism/parasitology
MH  - Lipocalin-2/metabolism
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice
PMC - PMC8234237
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acanthamoeba spp.
OT  - KIM-1
OT  - MCP-1
OT  - MMPs
OT  - NGAL
OT  - kidney
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/29 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/19
CRDT- 2021/07/02 01:24
PHST- 2021/05/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/02 01:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22126583 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-06583 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22126583 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 19;22(12):6583. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126583.