PMID- 34208589
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210719
LR  - 20210719
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Jun 16
TI  - Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus?
LID - 10.3390/ijms22126444 [doi]
LID - 6444
AB  - There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with 
      increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk 
      factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including 
      hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic 
      inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported 
      to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and 
      cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible 
      for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the 
      current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D 
      deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via 
      alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and 
      inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D 
      strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of 
      cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor 
      growth factor beta (TGFbeta), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-beta-Cathenin. It 
      should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in 
      vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and 
      CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that 
      adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, 
      little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is 
      a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D 
      deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM 
      patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer 
      may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.
FAU - Gabryanczyk, Anna
AU  - Gabryanczyk A
AD  - Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska 
      Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
FAU - Klimczak, Sylwia
AU  - Klimczak S
AD  - Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 
      251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
FAU - Szymczak-Pajor, Izabela
AU  - Szymczak-Pajor I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6545-579X
AD  - Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska 
      Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
FAU - Sliwinska, Agnieszka
AU  - Sliwinska A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6864-0704
AD  - Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska 
      Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210616
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Calcitriol)
RN  - 0 (VDR protein, human)
RN  - 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Autophagy/drug effects
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Clinical Trials as Topic
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/metabolism
MH  - Disease Management
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metabolic Networks and Pathways
MH  - Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology/prevention & control/therapy
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
MH  - Vitamin D/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications/metabolism
PMC - PMC8233804
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cancer
OT  - type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
OT  - vitamin D deficiency
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/20 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/16
CRDT- 2021/07/02 01:35
PHST- 2021/05/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/02 01:35 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22126444 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-06444 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22126444 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 16;22(12):6444. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126444.