PMID- 34217884
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211021
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1873-6009 (Electronic)
IS  - 0169-7722 (Linking)
VI  - 242
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Development of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods for Reduction of Seawater 
      Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using SEAWAT Code.
PG  - 103848
LID - S0169-7722(21)00087-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103848 [doi]
AB  - Unplanned pumping of groundwater in the past two decades has caused many regional 
      problems and tensions, leading to seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers. The 
      main objective of this paper is the use of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making 
      (MCDM) approach combining with numerical simulation for reducing seawater 
      intrusion in the Tajan coastal aquifer located on the southern seashores of the 
      Caspian Sea, Iran, taking into account economic, social, and environmental 
      issues. The MODFLOW code was used to simulate the groundwater flow. MT3DMS and 
      SEAWAT codes were used to simulate the solute transport and seawater intrusion. A 
      10-year period from 2010 to 2020 was simulated for evaluating the current 
      conditions and forecasting the future conditions of the aquifer. The results 
      indicated an increase in the extent of seawater intrusion. To assess the proposed 
      eleven curative solutions, the economic, social, and environmental criteria such 
      as efficiency of applying of curative solutions in improvement of the aquifer's 
      water level and efficiency of applying of curative solutions on reduction in the 
      extent of the seawater intrusion were weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy 
      Process (AHP) method. The results of the AHP method showed that the criterion of 
      efficiency of applying of curative solutions in improvement of the aquifer's 
      water level with the weight of 0.311 was the most important one. Three 
      multi-criteria decision making methods namely, Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), 
      Technique for Order Performance by Similarity (TOPSIS), and VIse Kriterijumska 
      Optimizacija kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) were utilized to select the best 
      curative solution. The solution of 10% reduction of pumping rate and the 
      construction of Gelvard dam in the SAW and TOPSIS methods and the solution of 3% 
      reduction of pumping rate and the construction of Gelvard dam in the VIKOR method 
      ranked first. Combined techniques namely, the Rank Average Method, Borda's 
      Method, and Copeland's Method were used to develop a consensus on prioritizing 
      curative solutions for the Tajan Aquifer. The results of these techniques showed 
      that the solution of 10% reduction in pumping rate along with the construction of 
      the Gelvard dam was the best. The results of simulating this solution 
      demonstrated a 1.91 m improvement in the groundwater level of the aquifer in the 
      MODFLOW code and a 361.5-m recede in seawater intrusion length along the coast in 
      the SEAWAT code.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Nasiri, Mina
AU  - Nasiri M
AD  - Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 
      Iran.
FAU - Moghaddam, Hamid Kardan
AU  - Moghaddam HK
AD  - Assistant Professor, Water Research Institute, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Hamidi, Mehdi
AU  - Hamidi M
AD  - Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 
      Iran. Electronic address: hamidi@nit.ac.ir.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210622
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Contam Hydrol
JT  - Journal of contaminant hydrology
JID - 8805644
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Decision Making
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Groundwater
MH  - Iran
MH  - Seawater
MH  - Water
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Groundwater flow
OT  - Reduction of groundwater extraction
OT  - SEAWAT code
OT  - Solute transport
EDAT- 2021/07/05 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/25 06:00
CRDT- 2021/07/04 20:42
PHST- 2020/07/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/04 20:42 [entrez]
AID - S0169-7722(21)00087-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103848 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Contam Hydrol. 2021 Oct;242:103848. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103848. Epub 
      2021 Jun 22.