PMID- 34220226
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210706
IS  - 1319-562X (Print)
IS  - 2213-7106 (Electronic)
IS  - 2213-7106 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Jul
TI  - Levels of pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment.
PG  - 3741-3744
LID - 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.062 [doi]
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the types and levels of organochlorine 
      pesticides (OCPs) present in the human milk collected from cities in eastern and 
      central Saudi Arabia. This study is part of assessment of various persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs) in human milk in four cities of eastern and central 
      Saudi Arabia, namely, Riyadh, Al-Kharj, Al-Jobail and Al-Dammam. Milk samples 
      were collected from 50 donors according to the WHO/UNEP protocol for monitoring 
      human milk for POPs. The OCPs in each of the 50 milk samples were analyzed using 
      as triple quadrupole gas chromatography mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry 
      detection (GC-MS/MS). Quality assurance included the analysis of blank, spiked 
      and reference samples. Sixteen different OCPs were identified namely: aldrin, 
      dieldrin, endrin, hexachlorobenzene, alpha, beta, gamma and delta 
      hexachlorocycohexame, pp'-,op'-DDT, pp'-DDE, pp'-DDD, alpha and gamma chlordane, 
      heptachlor, mirex and methoxychlor. The results of the analysis OCPs in human 
      milk samples indicated that the tested positive samples for one or more pesticide 
      at the limits of determination used in this study. As required by the Stockholm 
      Convention on POPs, the levels of certain POPs in human milk will serve as an 
      indicator of the effectiveness of the treaty in eliminating or reducing emissions 
      of selected POPs. This study contributes to that effort by providing seline data 
      on current levels of OPCs in human milk in Saudi Arabia.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Author(s).
FAU - El-Saeid, Mohamed H
AU  - El-Saeid MH
AD  - Chromatographic Analysis Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King 
      Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Hassanin, Ashraf S
AU  - Hassanin AS
AD  - Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Bazeyad, Abdulqader Y
AU  - Bazeyad AY
AD  - Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210430
PL  - Saudi Arabia
TA  - Saudi J Biol Sci
JT  - Saudi journal of biological sciences
JID - 101543796
PMC - PMC8241607
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Human milk
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Stockholm Convention and Saudi Arabia
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2021/07/06 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/06 06:01
PMCR- 2021/04/30
CRDT- 2021/07/05 09:56
PHST- 2021/03/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/05 09:56 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1319-562X(21)00350-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.062 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Jul;28(7):3741-3744. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.062. Epub 
      2021 Apr 30.