PMID- 34227320
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210729
LR  - 20220915
IS  - 1872-2059 (Electronic)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Print)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Jun
TI  - [Preparation of branched polyethyleneimine-assisted boric acid-functionalized 
      magnetic nanoparticles and its application to selective enrichment of ginsenoside 
      Re].
PG  - 599-606
LID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.11005 [doi]
AB  - Panax ginseng has a 5000-year-long history as a traditional herbal medicine in 
      Eastern Asia and North America. It is also known as crown jewel in traditional 
      Chinese herbs because of its wide pharmacological properties. Ginsenosides, a 
      class of saponins containing triterpene aglycones and various sugar moieties, are 
      the main active components of ginseng. Considering the low abundance of 
      ginsenosides and other abundant interferences, separation of ginsenosides is 
      essential prior to further analysis. Recently, our group demonstrated the 
      potential of a boronate affinity material for the selective enrichment of 
      ginsenosides. However, conventional boronate affinity materials suffer from an 
      apparent drawback. The binding strength of boronic acids toward 
      cis-diol-containing compounds is low, with dissociation constants (K(d)) ranging 
      from 10(-1) to 10(-3)mol/L. Thus, it is necessary to develop boronate affinity 
      materials with high binding strength. In this study, we developed 
      polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized boronate affinity magnetic nanoparticles 
      (BA-MNPs) for the selective enrichment of ginsenosides. Branched PEI was applied 
      as a scaffold to amplify the number of boronic acid moieties, while 
      3-formylphenylboronic acid, which shows high affinity toward cis-diol-containing 
      molecules, was used as the affinity ligand. In addition, the presence of the 
      multi-glycan structure of ginsenoside leads to higher binding affinity between 
      the PEI-BA-MNPs due to the synergistic multivalent binding effect. Combining with 
      high performance liquid chromatography, a method for the selective analysis of 
      ginsenosides was established. With ginsenoside Re as the representative and under 
      the optimized conditions for magnetic solid-phase extraction, the developed 
      method showed good linearity in the range of 50-800 mug/L, with a linear 
      correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.9681. At different spiked levels (0.1-10 
      mg/L), the recoveries were in the range of 91.5%-117.3%, and the relative 
      standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 7.2% to 13.4%. Since the PEI-BA-MNPs 
      exhibited significantly improved binding strength toward ginsenosides, they could 
      extract trace glycoproteins. After enrichment, a 50-fold improvement in the 
      sensitivity was achieved. In addition, the PEI-BA-MNPs maintained at least 72% of 
      their original binding capacity after five consecutive uses. Finally, the 
      developed method was applied to the determination of ginsenoside Re in commercial 
      medicine (Qipi oral liquid). As opposed to the tedious and time-consuming sample 
      preparation in the standard method (Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of 
      China, 2015; ChP2015), the present protocol allowed for direct enrichment of the 
      diluted commercial medicine with PEI-BA-MNPs. The magnetic separation made the 
      overall experiment much simpler than the standard ChP2015 method. After washing 
      and elution, the enriched ginsenoside Re was eluted and subjected to HPLC-UV 
      analysis. The results obtained with the developed method (0.27%) were similar to 
      those of ChP2015 (0.31%). We have experimentally demonstrated that PEI-BA-MNPs 
      are ideal affinity sorbents for the selective enrichment of ginsenosides owing to 
      their significant advantages, including high affinity, excellent selectivity, 
      easy manipulation, high binding capacity, and fast binding equilibrium. As many 
      saponins contain sugar side chains, we foresee a promising prospect for the 
      proposed method in real-world applications.
FAU - Li, Xue
AU  - Li X
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
FAU - Yan, Zhifeng
AU  - Yan Z
AD  - School of Public Basic Courses, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
FAU - Li, Longzhu
AU  - Li L
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
FAU - Ma, Tao
AU  - Ma T
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
FAU - Chen, Yang
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
AD  - School of Public Basic Courses, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
LA  - chi
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - China
TA  - Se Pu
JT  - Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography
JID - 9424804
RN  - 0 (Boric Acids)
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 0 (Magnetite Nanoparticles)
RN  - 46F3R0BL3I (ginsenoside Re)
RN  - 9002-98-6 (Polyethyleneimine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Boric Acids/*chemistry
MH  - China
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - *Ginsenosides/isolation & purification
MH  - *Magnetite Nanoparticles
MH  - Panax
MH  - Polyethyleneimine/*chemistry
PMC - PMC9404113
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - boronate affinity
OT  - ginsenosides
OT  - high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
OT  - magnetic nanoparticles
OT  - polyethyleneimine
EDAT- 2021/07/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/30 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/08
CRDT- 2021/07/06 07:00
PHST- 2021/07/06 07:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1000-8713-39-6-599 [pii]
AID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.11005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Se Pu. 2021 Jun;39(6):599-606. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.11005.