PMID- 34240217 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220210 LR - 20220716 IS - 1745-1701 (Electronic) IS - 0586-7614 (Print) IS - 0586-7614 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Oct 21 TI - Relations Among Anhedonia, Reinforcement Learning, and Global Functioning in Help-seeking Youth. PG - 1534-1543 LID - 10.1093/schbul/sbab075 [doi] AB - Dysfunction in the neural circuits underlying salience signaling is implicated in symptoms of psychosis and may predict conversion to a psychotic disorder in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Additionally, negative symptom severity, including consummatory and anticipatory aspects of anhedonia, may predict functional outcome in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, it is unclear whether anhedonia is related to the ability to attribute incentive salience to stimuli (through reinforcement learning [RL]) and whether measures of anhedonia and RL predict functional outcome in a younger, help-seeking population. We administered the Salience Attribution Test (SAT) to 33 participants who met criteria for either CHR or a recent-onset psychotic disorder and 29 help-seeking youth with nonpsychotic disorders. In the SAT, participants must identify relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimensions and be sensitive to different reinforcement probabilities for the 2 levels of the relevant dimension ("adaptive salience"). Adaptive salience attribution was positively related to both consummatory pleasure and functioning in the full sample. Analyses also revealed an indirect effect of adaptive salience on the relation between consummatory pleasure and both role (alphabeta = .22, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.48) and social functioning (alphabeta = .14, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.30). These findings suggest a distinct pathway to poor global functioning in help-seeking youth, via impaired reward sensitivity and RL. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Akouri-Shan, LeeAnn AU - Akouri-Shan L AD - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Schiffman, Jason AU - Schiffman J AD - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA. AD - Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA. FAU - Millman, Zachary B AU - Millman ZB AD - Center of Excellence in Psychotic Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Demro, Caroline AU - Demro C AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA. FAU - Fitzgerald, John AU - Fitzgerald J AD - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Rakhshan Rouhakhtar, Pamela J AU - Rakhshan Rouhakhtar PJ AD - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Redman, Samantha AU - Redman S AD - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Reeves, Gloria M AU - Reeves GM AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Chen, Shuo AU - Chen S AD - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. AD - Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Gold, James M AU - Gold JM AD - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Martin, Elizabeth A AU - Martin EA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8893-1667 AD - Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA. FAU - Corcoran, Cheryl AU - Corcoran C AD - Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY4, USA. FAU - Roiser, Jonathan P AU - Roiser JP AD - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, England, UK. FAU - Buchanan, Robert W AU - Buchanan RW AD - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Rowland, Laura M AU - Rowland LM AD - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Waltz, James A AU - Waltz JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9236-3719 AD - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. LA - eng GR - P50 MH115846/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH107558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH112612/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01MH112612/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Schizophr Bull JT - Schizophrenia bulletin JID - 0236760 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Anhedonia/*physiology MH - Depression MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care MH - *Psychosocial Functioning MH - Psychotic Disorders/*physiopathology MH - *Reinforcement, Psychology MH - Risk PMC - PMC8530392 OTO - NOTNLM OT - depression OT - negative symptoms OT - psychosis risk OT - salience EDAT- 2021/07/10 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/11 06:00 PMCR- 2022/07/08 CRDT- 2021/07/09 07:09 PHST- 2021/07/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/09 07:09 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 6317598 [pii] AID - sbab075 [pii] AID - 10.1093/schbul/sbab075 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Schizophr Bull. 2021 Oct 21;47(6):1534-1543. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab075.