PMID- 34244980
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211229
LR  - 20211229
IS  - 1678-4405 (Electronic)
IS  - 1517-8382 (Print)
IS  - 1517-8382 (Linking)
VI  - 52
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Pig vaccination strategies based on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli toxins.
PG  - 2499-2509
LID - 10.1007/s42770-021-00567-3 [doi]
AB  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are responsible for diarrhea in humans as 
      well as in farm animals. ETEC infections in newborn, suckling, and especially in 
      post-weaning piglets are associated with reduced growth rate, morbidity, and 
      mortality. ETEC express virulence factors as adhesin and enterotoxins that play a 
      central role in the pathogenic process. Adhesins associated with pigs are of 
      diverse type being either fimbrial or non-fimbrial. Enterotoxins belong to two 
      groups: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST). Heterogeneity of ETEC strains 
      encompass expression of various fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41) and 
      enterotoxins (LT, STa, STb, and EAST1). In the late years, attempts to immunize 
      animals against neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea were focused on the 
      development of anti-adhesin strategies as this is the initial step of ETEC 
      pathogenesis. Although those vaccines demonstrated some protection against ETEC 
      infections, as enterotoxins are pivotal to the virulence of ETEC, a new 
      generation of vaccinal molecules, which include adhesin and one or more 
      enterotoxins, were recently tested. Some of these newly developed chimeric fusion 
      proteins are intended to control as well human diarrhea as enterotoxins are more 
      or less common with the ones found in pigs. As these could not be tested in the 
      natural host (human), either a mouse or pig model was substituted to evaluate the 
      protection efficacy. For the advancement of pig vaccine, mice were sometimes used 
      for preliminary testing. This review summarizes advances in the anti-enterotoxin 
      immunization strategies considered in the last 10 years.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Dubreuil, J Daniel
AU  - Dubreuil JD
AD  - Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculte de Medecine Veterinaire, 
      Universite de Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S-2M2, 
      Canada. daniel.dubreuil@umontreal.ca.
LA  - eng
GR  - 593430/Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210710
PL  - Brazil
TA  - Braz J Microbiol
JT  - Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for 
      Microbiology]
JID - 101095924
RN  - 0 (Adhesins, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diarrhea/prevention & control/veterinary
MH  - *Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
MH  - Enterotoxins/genetics
MH  - *Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control/veterinary
MH  - *Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Swine Diseases/prevention & control
MH  - Vaccination/*veterinary
PMC - PMC8270777
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ETEC
OT  - Enterotoxins
OT  - Pig diarrhea
OT  - Vaccination strategies
COIS- The author declares no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/07/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/30 06:00
PMCR- 2021/07/10
CRDT- 2021/07/10 06:27
PHST- 2020/12/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/10 06:27 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s42770-021-00567-3 [pii]
AID - 567 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s42770-021-00567-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Braz J Microbiol. 2021 Dec;52(4):2499-2509. doi: 10.1007/s42770-021-00567-3. Epub 
      2021 Jul 10.