PMID- 34246062
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211019
LR  - 20240402
IS  - 1878-9307 (Electronic)
IS  - 1878-9293 (Print)
IS  - 1878-9293 (Linking)
VI  - 50
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Preferential responses to faces in superior temporal and medial prefrontal cortex 
      in three-year-old children.
PG  - 100984
LID - S1878-9293(21)00074-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100984 [doi]
LID - 100984
AB  - Perceiving faces and understanding emotions are key components of human social 
      cognition. Prior research with adults and infants suggests that these social 
      cognitive functions are supported by superior temporal cortex (STC) and medial 
      prefrontal cortex (MPFC). We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) 
      to characterize functional responses in these cortical regions to faces in early 
      childhood. Three-year-old children (n = 88, M(SD) = 3.15(.16) years) passively 
      viewed faces that varied in emotional content and valence (happy, angry, fearful, 
      neutral) and, for fearful and angry faces, intensity (100%, 40%), while 
      undergoing fNIRS. Bilateral STC and MPFC showed greater oxygenated hemoglobin 
      concentration values to all faces relative to objects. MPFC additionally 
      responded preferentially to happy faces relative to neutral faces. We did not 
      detect preferential responses to angry or fearful faces, or overall differences 
      in response magnitude by emotional valence (100% happy vs. fearful and angry) or 
      intensity (100% vs. 40% fearful and angry). In exploratory analyses, preferential 
      responses to faces in MPFC were not robustly correlated with performance on tasks 
      of early social cognition. These results link and extend adult and infant 
      research on functional responses to faces in STC and MPFC and contribute to the 
      characterization of the neural correlates of early social cognition.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Richardson, H
AU  - Richardson H
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department 
      of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States; School of Philosophy, 
      Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 
      Electronic address: hilary.richardson@ed.ac.uk.
FAU - Taylor, J
AU  - Taylor J
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department 
      of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States.
FAU - Kane-Grade, F
AU  - Kane-Grade F
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department 
      of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Institute of Child 
      Development, University of Minnesota, United States.
FAU - Powell, L
AU  - Powell L
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, United States.
FAU - Bosquet Enlow, M
AU  - Bosquet Enlow M
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department 
      of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States.
FAU - Nelson, C A
AU  - Nelson CA
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department 
      of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Graduate School of 
      Education, Harvard University, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH078829/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20210703
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Dev Cogn Neurosci
JT  - Developmental cognitive neuroscience
JID - 101541838
SB  - IM
EIN - Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2023 Jun;61:101155. PMID: 36175322
MH  - Anger
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - *Emotions
MH  - *Facial Expression
MH  - Happiness
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - *Prefrontal Cortex
PMC - PMC8274289
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Development
OT  - Emotions
OT  - Faces
OT  - Medial prefrontal cortex
OT  - Superior temporal cortex
OT  - fNIRS
COIS- The authors report no declarations of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/07/03
CRDT- 2021/07/10 20:20
PHST- 2021/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/10 20:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1878-9293(21)00074-8 [pii]
AID - 100984 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100984 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Aug;50:100984. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100984. Epub 2021 
      Jul 3.