PMID- 34249530
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210713
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Jun
TI  - Graves' Disease in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection as an 
      Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.
PG  - e15377
LID - 10.7759/cureus.15377 [doi]
LID - e15377
AB  - The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management and 
      treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has dramatically changed 
      the course of the disease and improved overall survival. HAART results in 
      significant decrease in viral load and enhancement of CD4 cells and gradual 
      restoration of the immune system. However, a subset of patients may experience a 
      paradoxical worsening after the initiation of HAART due to a heightened and 
      dysregulated immune response. This phenomenon is termed immune reconstitution 
      inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The manifestation of Graves' disease (GD) after the 
      introduction of HAART has been identified as IRIS manifestation in some patients. 
      Thus, this occurrence should be suspected and further investigated in patients 
      with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who present with symptoms consistent of 
      hyperthyroidism to avoid overt hyperthyroidism. We report a case of IRIS 
      associated Graves' disease. Our case adds to the very limited literature about 
      this phenomenon.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021, Ayad et al.
FAU - Ayad, Sarah
AU  - Ayad S
AD  - Internal Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical 
      Center, Elizabeth, USA.
FAU - Gergis, Kirolos
AU  - Gergis K
AD  - Internal Medicine, McLaren Flint Hospital, Flint, USA.
FAU - Mirza, Noreen
AU  - Mirza N
AD  - Internal Medicine, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA.
FAU - Rayad, Mohammad Nabil
AU  - Rayad MN
AD  - Internal Medicine, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA.
FAU - Salamera, Julius
AU  - Salamera J
AD  - Internal Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical 
      Center, Elizabeth, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20210601
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC8249040
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - graves' disease
OT  - haart
OT  - hiv
OT  - hyperthyroidism
OT  - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/07/13 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/13 06:01
PMCR- 2021/06/01
CRDT- 2021/07/12 05:54
PHST- 2021/05/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/12 05:54 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.15377 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2021 Jun 1;13(6):e15377. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15377. eCollection 2021 Jun.