PMID- 34251377
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210820
LR  - 20210820
IS  - 2050-7895 (Electronic)
IS  - 2050-7887 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug 1
TI  - Introducing a nested multimedia fate and transport model for organic contaminants 
      (NEM).
PG  - 1146-1157
LID - 10.1039/d1em00084e [doi]
AB  - Some organic contaminants, including the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 
      have achieved global distribution through long range atmospheric transport 
      (LRAT). Regulatory efforts, monitoring programs and modelling studies address the 
      LRAT of POPs on national, continental (e.g. Europe) and/or global scales. Whereas 
      national and continental-scale models require estimates of the input of globally 
      dispersed chemicals from outside of the model domain, existing global-scale 
      models either have relatively coarse spatial resolution or are so computationally 
      demanding that it limits their usefulness. Here we introduce the Nested Exposure 
      Model (NEM), which is a multimedia fate and transport model that is global in 
      scale yet can achieve high spatial resolution of a user-defined target region 
      without huge computational demands. Evaluating NEM by comparing model predictions 
      for PCB-153 in air with measurements at nine long-term monitoring sites of the 
      European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) reveals that nested 
      simulations at a resolution of 1 degrees x 1 degrees  yield results within a factor of 1.5 of 
      observations at sites in northern Europe. At this resolution, the model 
      attributes more than 90% of the atmospheric burden within any of the grid cells 
      containing an EMEP site to advective atmospheric transport from elsewhere. 
      Deteriorating model performance with decreasing resolution (15 degrees x 15 degrees , 5 degrees x 5 degrees  and 
      1 degrees x 1 degrees ), manifested by overestimation of concentrations across most of northern 
      Europe by more than a factor of 3, illustrates the effect of numerical diffusion. 
      Finally, we apply the model to demonstrate how the choice of spatial resolution 
      affect predictions of atmospheric deposition to the Baltic Sea. While we envisage 
      that NEM may be used for a wide range of applications in the future, further 
      evaluation will be required to delineate the boundaries of applicability towards 
      chemicals with divergent fate properties as well as in environmental media other 
      than air.
FAU - Breivik, Knut
AU  - Breivik K
AD  - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway. 
      kbr@nilu.no.
FAU - Eckhardt, Sabine
AU  - Eckhardt S
FAU - McLachlan, Michael S
AU  - McLachlan MS
FAU - Wania, Frank
AU  - Wania F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210712
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Sci Process Impacts
JT  - Environmental science. Processes & impacts
JID - 101601576
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Europe
MH  - Multimedia
EDAT- 2021/07/13 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/21 06:00
CRDT- 2021/07/12 13:00
PHST- 2021/07/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/12 13:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/d1em00084e [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2021 Aug 1;23(8):1146-1157. doi: 10.1039/d1em00084e. 
      Epub 2021 Jul 12.