PMID- 34252152
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211122
LR  - 20240402
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021
TI  - Insights into the influence of cell concentration in design and development of 
      microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process.
PG  - e0254536
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0254536 [doi]
LID - e0254536
AB  - Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process utilising the 
      biogeochemical reactions for low energy cementation has recently emerged as a 
      potential technology for numerous engineering applications. The design and 
      development of an efficient MICP process depends upon several physicochemical and 
      biological variables; amongst which the initial bacterial cell concentration is a 
      major factor. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of initial bacterial 
      cell concentration on ureolysis and carbonate precipitation kinetics along with 
      its influence on the calcium carbonate crystal properties; as all these factors 
      determine the efficacy of this process for specific engineering applications. We 
      have also investigated the role of subsequent cell recharge in calcium carbonate 
      precipitation kinetics for the first time. Experimental results showed that the 
      kinetics of ureolysis and calcium carbonate precipitation are well-fitted by an 
      exponential logistic equation for cell concentrations between optical density 
      range of 0.1 OD to 0.4 OD. This equation is highly applicable for designing the 
      optimal processes for microbially cemented soil stabilization applications using 
      native or augmented bacterial cultures. Multiple recharge kinetics study revealed 
      that the addition of fresh bacterial cells is an essential step to keep the fast 
      rate of precipitation, as desirable in certain applications. Our results of 
      calcium carbonate crystal morphology and mineralogy via scanning electron 
      micrography, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis 
      exhibited a notable impact of cell number and extracellular urease concentration 
      on the properties of carbonate crystals. Lower cell numbers led to formation of 
      larger crystals compared to high cell numbers and these crystals transform from 
      vaterite phase to the calcite phase over time. This study has demonstrated the 
      significance of kinetic models for designing large-scale MICP applications.
FAU - Murugan, Raja
AU  - Murugan R
AD  - Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology 
      Madras, Chennai, India.
AD  - School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western 
      Australia, Australia.
FAU - Suraishkumar, G K
AU  - Suraishkumar GK
AD  - Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology 
      Madras, Chennai, India.
FAU - Mukherjee, Abhijit
AU  - Mukherjee A
AD  - School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western 
      Australia, Australia.
FAU - Dhami, Navdeep K
AU  - Dhami NK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6928-0448
AD  - School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western 
      Australia, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210712
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - H0G9379FGK (Calcium Carbonate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - Spectrum Analysis/*methods
MH  - X-Ray Diffraction
PMC - PMC8274927
COIS- The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/07/13 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/23 06:00
PMCR- 2021/07/12
CRDT- 2021/07/12 17:26
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/12 17:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-00979 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0254536 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Jul 12;16(7):e0254536. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254536. 
      eCollection 2021.