PMID- 34269888 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220208 LR - 20220208 IS - 1615-7605 (Electronic) IS - 1615-7591 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Nov TI - Immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification for synthesis of biolubricant from palm oil methyl ester and trimethylolpropane. PG - 2429-2444 LID - 10.1007/s00449-021-02615-6 [doi] AB - The present study reports the effects of three commercial immobilized lipases namely Novozyme 435 from Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), Lipozyme TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus and Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei on the production of trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester from high oleic palm methyl ester (HO-PME) and TMP. The TMP ester is a promising base oil for biolubricants that are easily biodegradable and non-toxic to humans and the environment. Enzymatic catalysts are insensitive to free fatty acid (FFA) content, hence able to mitigate the side reactions and consequently reduce product separation cost. The potential of these enzymes to produce TMP ester in a solvent-free medium was screened at various reaction time (8, 23, 30 and 48 h), operating pressure (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mbar) and enzyme dosage (1, 3, 5 and 10% w/w). The reaction was conducted at a constant temperature of 70 degrees C and a molar ratio of 3.9:1 (HO-PME: TMP). Novozyme 435 produced the highest yield of TMP ester of 95.68 +/- 3.60% under the following conditions: 23 h reaction time, 0.1 mbar operating pressure and 5% w/w of enzyme dosage. The key lubrication properties of the produced TMP ester are viscosity index (208 +/- 2), pour point (- 30 +/- - 2 degrees C), cloud point (- 15 +/- - 2 degrees C), onset thermal degradation temperature (427.8 degrees C), and oxidation stability, RPVOT (42 +/- 4 min). The properties of the TMP ester produced from the enzymatic transesterification are comparable to other vegetable oil-based biolubricants produced by chemical transesterification. CI - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Wafti, Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd AU - Wafti NSA AD - Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. AD - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Yunus, Robiah AU - Yunus R AD - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. robiah@upm.edu.my. AD - Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. robiah@upm.edu.my. FAU - Lau, Harrison Lik Nang AU - Lau HLN AD - Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Yaw, Thomas Choong Shean AU - Yaw TCS AD - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Aziz, Suraini Abdul AU - Aziz SA AD - Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210716 PL - Germany TA - Bioprocess Biosyst Eng JT - Bioprocess and biosystems engineering JID - 101088505 RN - 0 (Enzymes, Immobilized) RN - 0 (Esters) RN - 0 (Lubricants) RN - 0 (Propylene Glycols) RN - 090GDF4HBD (trimethylolpropane) RN - 5QUO05548Z (Palm Oil) RN - EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) SB - IM MH - Catalysis MH - Enzymes, Immobilized/*metabolism MH - Esterification MH - Esters/metabolism MH - Lipase/*metabolism MH - Lubricants/*metabolism MH - Palm Oil/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Propylene Glycols/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Biocatalysts OT - Enzyme OT - Palm oil OT - Physicochemical OT - Polyol esters EDAT- 2021/07/17 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/09 06:00 CRDT- 2021/07/16 12:29 PHST- 2021/03/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/07/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/16 12:29 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00449-021-02615-6 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00449-021-02615-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2021 Nov;44(11):2429-2444. doi: 10.1007/s00449-021-02615-6. Epub 2021 Jul 16.