PMID- 34280354 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210817 LR - 20210817 IS - 1872-7786 (Electronic) IS - 0009-2797 (Linking) VI - 346 DP - 2021 Sep 1 TI - Dichloromethane increases mutagenic DNA damage and transformation ability in cholangiocytes and enhances metastatic potential in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. PG - 109580 LID - S0009-2797(21)00218-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109580 [doi] AB - Dichloromethane (DCM), a widely used chlorinated solvent, is classified by IARC (2017) as probably carcinogenic to humans. Exposure to DCM has been associated with increased incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in humans. This study aimed to investigate how DCM could contribute to CCA development by investigating the effects of DCM on DNA damage and cell transformation in cholangiocytes (MMNK-1) and on metastatic potential as measured by invasion and cell migration in malignant CCA cell lines (HuCCA-1 and RMCCA-1). MMNK-1 cells treated with the non-cytotoxic concentration of DCM (25 muM, 24 h) significantly increased the levels of mutagenic DNA adducts including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG, (1.84-fold, p < 0.01) and 8-nitroguanine (1.96-fold, p < 0.01) and enhanced cell transformation by 1.47-fold (p < 0.01). In addition, the expression of various genes involved in carcinogenesis, namely, NFE2L2 (antioxidative response), CXCL8 (inflammation), CDH1 (cell adhesion), MMP9 (tissue remodeling) and MKI67 (cell proliferation) were altered in cholangiocytes treated with DCM. When MMNK-1 cells were transformed by DCM, the expression of all the aforementioned genes was also increased. In malignant cell lines (HuCCA-1 and RMCCA-1), DCM treatment resulted in increased CXCL8 and MMP9 transcription and decreased CDH1 transcription accompanied by increased invasion and migration capabilities of these cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated that DCM exposure could be linked to the development of CCA. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Buranarom, Angkhameen AU - Buranarom A AD - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Post-graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Thailand. FAU - Navasumrit, Panida AU - Navasumrit P AD - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Post-graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Thailand. FAU - Ngaotepprutaram, Thitirat AU - Ngaotepprutaram T AD - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Ruchirawat, Mathuros AU - Ruchirawat M AD - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Thailand. Electronic address: mathuros@cri.or.th. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210717 PL - Ireland TA - Chem Biol Interact JT - Chemico-biological interactions JID - 0227276 RN - 0 (DNA Adducts) RN - 0 (Interleukin-8) RN - 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 588X2YUY0A (Methylene Chloride) RN - EC 3.4.24.35 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9) SB - IM MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - Cell Movement/drug effects MH - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects MH - Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism/pathology MH - DNA Adducts/analysis/metabolism MH - DNA Damage/*drug effects MH - Gene Expression/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Interleukin-8/genetics/metabolism MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics/metabolism MH - Methylene Chloride/chemistry/*toxicity MH - NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics/metabolism MH - RNA, Messenger/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - 8-Nitroguanine OT - 8-OHdG OT - Cholangiocarcinoma OT - Dichloromethane OT - Risk factor EDAT- 2021/07/20 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/18 06:00 CRDT- 2021/07/19 20:10 PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/06/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/07/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/19 20:10 [entrez] AID - S0009-2797(21)00218-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109580 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chem Biol Interact. 2021 Sep 1;346:109580. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109580. Epub 2021 Jul 17.